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How do I cite myself in APA format?

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Answered By: Laurie Bastien Last Updated: Aug 27, 2020     Views: 1148

If you are using information from a previous paper you've written or from a project you've completed in a past assignment or class, it is appropriate to self-cite in order to avoid self-plagiarism.  To cite or quote from a previous work you've created, follow examples for citing an unpublished work.

On a related note, please review school policies on reusing work and contact your instructor with any questions.  Links to school policies are also below.

Links & Files

  • Academic Writer: Sample of an Unpublished Manuscript Citation
  • Student Conduct: Coursework Resubmission Policy
  • Purdue Global Student Coursework Resubmission, Repurposing, and Reworking Policy Resource

purdue owl apa citing yourself

Unpublished or Informally Published Reference

Learn how to format references for unpublished or informally published works, including unpublished manuscripts, manuscripts submitted for publication, and self-archived work.

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© 2020 American Psychological Association.

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APA Sample Paper

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Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use.

Note:  This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style  can be found here .

Media Files: APA Sample Student Paper  ,  APA Sample Professional Paper

This resource is enhanced by Acrobat PDF files. Download the free Acrobat Reader

Note: The APA Publication Manual, 7 th Edition specifies different formatting conventions for student  and  professional  papers (i.e., papers written for credit in a course and papers intended for scholarly publication). These differences mostly extend to the title page and running head. Crucially, citation practices do not differ between the two styles of paper.

However, for your convenience, we have provided two versions of our APA 7 sample paper below: one in  student style and one in  professional  style.

Note: For accessibility purposes, we have used "Track Changes" to make comments along the margins of these samples. Those authored by [AF] denote explanations of formatting and [AWC] denote directions for writing and citing in APA 7. 

APA 7 Student Paper:

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Academic Writer is the only authoritative and complete online environment for teaching, writing, and publishing in APA Style®, now updated to the 7th Edition. Designed to help users develop their writing and professional research skills, Academic Writer combines sophisticated learning and teaching tools, advanced writing and content management technology, and full integration of APA’s best-selling Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association® to create an unparalleled web-based suite of integrated services and tools.

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Using Academic Writer's Writing Tools

Academic Writer contains a Writing section where you can create and write a full APA-formatted paper.  You can write the entire paper in Academic Writer or just use it to setup the title page, headings, and references.  Export your work at any time to a Microsoft Word document.  Below are documents from Academic Writer about the essential features of their Writing tools.  

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Basics of APA Style

Learn the basics of APA Style, including how to format a manuscript, understand the form and function of common manuscript parts, organize and express your thoughts clearly and precisely, employ the mechanics of style, use graphic elements effectively, credit sources and acknowledge the contributions of others, and construct a comprehensive and reliable reference list.

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How to Avoid Plagiarism and Self-Plagiarism

Learn how to avoid plagiarism and self-plagiarism, including how to identify plagiarism, understand its risks and consequences, cite sources properly, and develop sound writing practices.

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Learn how to set up the title page of an APA Style paper, including the page header and running head, title, author name and affiliation, and author note.

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Paper Template: ("Merenda" Sample Student Paper)

This sample response paper presents a university student's personal reaction to an article about whether medication is prescribed too often to young children to treat psychological disorders. The title page demonstrates the simple default layout for a student paper. The paper has a simple setup with only a title page, body of text, and references. No "running head"! Response papers typically do not include author notes or abstracts, though this may vary by assignment.

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Creating a Reference. The Parts.

Close-up of a reference:.

Here is a typical reference for a book:

Zacharakis, A. (2011). Business plans that work: A guide for small business . McGraw-Hill.

LastName, A.A.                      Folsom, R.H.

Multiple authors                  Hwang, J., Manganini, S., & Eglinton, T.

Group/corporate author      National Institute on White Collar Crime

  • Authors' names are written last name - COMMA - first name initials (and middle name initial, if known).
  • More than one author. List the names in the order that they are listed on the publication, separated by COMMAS, with "&" before the last author's name.
  • An author can be a company, organization, and government agency. Use the name of the group as the author.
  • If there is no author and no group/corporate author, begin the reference with the title in the author-place. Use a shortened version of the title in when using in-text citations.

(Publication year)             (2016).

(Publication year)              (2010, January 12).

no date                                (n.d.).

  • Publication year in parentheses, followed by a period.
  • If there is no publication date (look carefully to determine this!), use (n.d.). That stands for "no date."

Book title              Marketing 4.0: Moving from traditional to digital .

Report title         2012 annual report of the American Psychological Association .

Article title           Managing our hub economy: Interaction.  

Periodical title     Harvard Business Review , 96 (1), 17.

  • Include the full title and subtitle.
  • Capitalization: Books, ebooks, reports, webpages. Capitalize the first letter of the title and the subtitle.
  • Capitalization: Article titles: Capitalize the first letter of the title and the subtitle. Article titles are not in italics.
  • Capitalization: For periodical titles (journals, magazines, newspapers). Capitalize ALL major words, and put the periodical title in italics. After the title, add a comma and the volume number in italics.
  • Book, ebook, report, and web page titles have only the first word of the title and subtitle capitalized and are written in italics. 

Publication information

The rest of the reference provides the information needed to find the source you used. These details may include: the editor, edition number, publisher's name, volume number, issue number, page numbers, digital object identifier ( https://doi.org/ ), or URL.

Books and Ebooks

  Author. (Publication Date). Title of book . Publisher.

Other book examples: Edition other than the first Atkinson, A. A. (2001). Management accounting (3rd ed.). Prentice Hall. Chapter from a book Eisenstein, E.M., & Lodish, L.M. (2002). Marketing decision support and      intelligent systems: Precisely worthwhile or vaguely worthless? In B.A.      Weitz & R. Wensley (Eds.), Handbook of marketing (pp.436-456).      SAGE.

Author. (Publication Date). Title of Book . Publisher. URL

Ebook from Ebook Central (via Proquest) (include the URL leading to information on how to obtain the material for ebooks accessed through subscription database)

Other ebook examples: Ebook available via direct link Martin, B. (1998). Information liberation. Freedom Press. http://www.uow.edu.au/arts/sts/bmartin/pubs/98il/ilall.html Ebook from Ebook readers Gladwell, M. (2008). Outliers: The story of success .  Little, Brown and Company. https://www.amazon.com/

For in-text citation, when page number is not available, use chapter/section/paragraph number instead.  For example: One of the author’s main points is that “people don’t rise from nothing” (Gladwell, 2008, Chapter 1, Section 2, para. 5).

Articles from Print Journals

Journal Paginated by Issue: Author. (Publication Date). Title of article.  Journal title,  Volume(issue), page range.

Journal Paginated by Volume: Author. (Publication Date). Title of article.  Journal title,  Volume, page range.

Articles with DOI (Digital Object Identifier)

Author. (Publication Date). Title of article. Journal title, Volume(issue), page numbers.      https://doi.org/########  

A DOI may be found on the document itself, in a database record, or in a database-generated citation.

 Articles with no DOI

Author. (Publication Date). Title of article. Journal title, Volume (issue), page numbers.      URL/Document URL

    1.   Article from subscription database (give the URL for the publisher of the information, OR the database that you retrieved it from ).   Demos, T. (2009, August 17). Argentina's cattle crisis. Fortune , 160 (3), 22.        http://www.fortune.com/        

  Valdes, C. (2006). Brazil's booming agriculture faces obstacles. Amber Waves , 4( 5), 28-35.         http://search.proquest.com/docview/204852243?accountid=25283

    2.   Article from open access source (include the exact URL for the article)    Badke, W. (2008). A rationale for information literacy as a credit-bearing         discipline. Journal of Information Literacy, 2 (1).         http://jil.lboro.ac.uk/ojs/index.php/JIL/article/view/RA-V2-I1-2008-1 

Portions adapted from APA 7 Citation on Purdue OWL's website.  

Purdue Online Writing Lab (2020). APA Style (7th Edition). The OWL at Purdue. Retrieved April 24, 2020 from       https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_style_introduction.html

Reports, Profiles, Annual Reports

Report or Profile

Author. (Publication Date). Title of report. Name of source.      URL

  • If the report or profile was not written by an individual author, then move the name of the source to the beginning of the citation.
  • Mintel market research report Mintel. (2003). Automobile maintenance and repair - US - August 2003 .      http://www.mintel.com/  
  • Datamonitor company profile Datamonitor. (2008, August 22). Google Inc.      http://www.datamonitor.com/  
  • Industry profile from Standard & Poor's with an individual author Bokhari, Z. (2008, October 16). Computers: Software. Standard & Poor's      Industry Surveys.      http://www.netadvantage.standardandpoors.com/

Annual Report or SEC Filing

Name of company. (Publication Date). Form or filing title .      URL

  • Annual Report from a Company Website Microsoft. (2009). Annual report.      http://www.microsoft.com/msft/reports/ar09/index.html
  • SEC Filing from Subscription Database Microsoft. (2005, September 25). Form 10-Q.

Video, Sound & Image

Film, Video, or DVD

Director's last name, first initial (Director), & director's last name, first initial              (Director). (Year of the film's release).   Film  Title.  [Film].   Name of the movie studio.

     1.  Hitchcock, A. (Director). (1941). Suspicion. [Film]. Turner.

     2.  Coppola, F (Director).  (1972).  The Godfather.   [Motion picture].  Paramount Pictures.

Television Series

Executive Producer’s last name, first initial (Executive Producer).   (Date rate of release).   Title of           broadcast.   [TV series].  P roduction Company(s).

     Crane, D & Kauffman, M (Executive Producers).   (1994).   Friends [TV series].   National Broadcasting Company.

Single Episode of a Television Series

Writer’s last name, first initial (Writer), & Director’s last name, first initial (Director).           (Original air date). Title of episode (Season number, Episode number) [TV series episode]. In           Producer(s) first initial, last name (Executive Producer),  Series title. Production Company(s).

Carlock, R. (Writer), & Halvorson, G (Director).   (2003).   The one with the cake           (Season 10, Episode 4) [TV series episode].   In D. Crane & M. Kauffman (Executive Producers),  F riends.  National Broadcasting Company.

Music Recording

Recording artists's last name, first initial. (Year of release). Title of song [Album].  Title of album  [Album]. Label.

John, Elton (1975). Someone saved my life tonight.  Captain fantastic and the brown dirt cowboy  [Album]. MCA.

Photographer's last name, first initial. (Year of Publication). Title of photograph  [ Photograph ]. Source. URL (if retrieved electronically)

Kulbis, M. (2006).  Men pray  [Photograph], Retrieved April 12, 2006. Source. http://accuweather.ap.org/cgi-bin/aplaunch.pl

Presentation slides

Author. (Publication date). Title of presentation  [Type of material]. URL

Kapterev, Alexei.  (2007). Death by PowerPoint [PowerPoint slides]. http://www.slideshare.net/thecroaker/death-by-powerpoint

VIDEO. Getting Started with APA Style

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purdue owl apa citing yourself

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Academic Skills: Writing: Reusing Your Work and Citing Yourself

As you progress in your Walden program, you may find that you research and write about a topic more than once. This is typical as you engage with key concepts and specialize in your field of study. See the information and best practices on this page to ensure you follow APA citation guidelines and Walden policy if you plan to reuse past written work.

Your Published Writing

If you have published your writing outside of the Walden classroom—in a journal or even in a local newsletter or blog—and would like to reuse portions of it or refer to the findings or ideas in that work, you will need to cite yourself.

Follow APA’s guidelines for citing and referencing published works.

Your Previous Coursework

If you are considering reusing your previously submitted Walden coursework in a new course or term, review the following best practice and policy sections.

Best Practices for Reusing Work

  • During your studies at Walden, you may write on the same topic for a second, third, or fourth time; regardless, your writing should reflect new approaches and insights into that topic to demonstrate intellectual growth.
  • Your writing submitted for previous Walden courses will show up in the Turnitin Similarity Report when reused. Contact your faculty if you plan to reuse your work to avoid concerns about possible plagiarism. Additionally, you could cite your unpublished writing (see How to Cite Your Unpublished Work below).
  • Your faculty for your current course can guide you about whether reusing your previous writing seems appropriate for a particular assignment or writing task.

Walden University’s Policy on Reusing Work

The following comes from the Walden Student Code of Conduct :

Walden Students’ Use of Their Own Scholarly Work

  • Students may reuse their work without an expectation that previously awarded grades or credit will attach to the new assignment. Any work previously published by the student must be appropriately cited if reused. 
  • Field Experience Exception: Any assignments or documentation submitted related to field experience (work, hours, client or patient logs, etc) must be new, current, accurate, and relate to clients or patients seen during the term and in direct reference to the assignment.

How to Cite Your Unpublished Work

Although not required in the policy above, in rare instances, you may need to or want to cite your unpublished Walden coursework.

If you cite or quote your previous work, treat yourself as the author and your own written document as the source. For example, if Marie Briggs wanted to cite a paper she wrote at Walden in 2022, her citation might look like this:

Briggs (2022) asserted that previous literature on the psychology of tightrope walkers was faulty in that it "presumed that risk-taking behaviors align neatly with certain personality traits or disorders" (p. 4).

And in the reference list:

Briggs, M. (2022). An analysis of personality theory [Unpublished manuscript]. Walden University.

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purdue owl apa citing yourself

Self-Citation

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Self-Citation Podcast

Self-citation transcript.

Greetings everyone. This is Kurtis Clements with another effective writing podcast. In this episode, I am going to shed some light on self-citation—that is, instances when one would want to cite him or herself in academic work in an effort to avoid plagiarism.

What’s this you ask? Students sometimes want to know if they can cite themselves in a paper or assignment they are working on—that is, they want to know if they can use content they’ve written for one class in another—and while this is a relatively uncommon practice—students aren’t, after all, experts in the fields in which they write papers—protocol exists.

Let’s say that you are working on a paper about cogs and wheels, a subject that you have written about in a couple of prior classes. In fact, you’ve discovered some terrific content about cogs and wheels and have even written several particularly strong paragraphs in a previous paper that you think will fit into your current assignment. You decide to copy and paste two full paragraphs from a previous paper into your new paper. Have you just committed plagiarism?

The answer: yes and no.

What? How can this be? Simply put, the topic of self-citation and plagiarism can be confusing, so let’s break it down. You plagiarize yourself when you reuse work that you have used elsewhere without making anyone aware of this reuse of old content. When you turn in a paper for a class, the expectation is that this work is original and created specifically for a given assignment. If it is not original, it is unethical, and in cases of copyright issues (that is, you are reusing old content not for a class but for publication), it’s illegal. You must not mislead your reader, editor, or professor.

Generally, you can use small portions of your previous work if you cite it properly. This is called self-citation. The citation is required because it must be clear that this work or writing exists somewhere else and that the words or ideas are not original to the current paper or production. If you quote or paraphrase your ideas from a previous paper, in APA, you would cite yourself as the primary author and the work as an unpublished paper. For this self-citation, you must include both an in-text and reference citation like you would for any other source in your paper.

Please take special note of what I said above: It’s ok to use small portions of your previous work. In most cases of university academic writing, “small portions” means a sentence or two. What?!

That’s right: If you do cite yourself—that is, if you use content that you wrote for a previous paper—do so rarely and reuse content sparingly. Why? You ask. Think of it this way: If you are choosing to cite your previous work, it should be because you want to build on an idea you came up with in a previous paper. You should not cite previous work in order to only write a new paper faster.

However, with that said, the real question to think about is should you be using your previous work to begin with? To quote yourself does not lend credibility to your paper unless you are a known and published scholar in the field about which you are writing. Most students don’t fall into this category. Therefore, it is better for the validity of the paper and for student learning to avoid citing yourself unless you truly have an important idea of yours to build upon from a previous paper. Make sense? I am not saying don’t use your own content from a previous paper, but I am saying do so purposefully.

In order to cite yourself, if you decide it is appropriate for your paper, you can either refer to yourself in the third person, Clements (2013) stated, for example, or, if the assignment allows for a more casual personal reference, you could write, “As I discussed in a previous paper. . .” Again, you would include both an in-text and reference citation like you would for any other source in your paper.

One word of caution: You do not want to cite yourself citing someone else. If you want to reuse a quotation or a source from a previous paper, you need to cite that original source again. For example, let’s say you found a scholarly, peer-reviewed resource from an expert in the field, a Dr. Pickle, and you quoted Dr. Pickle in a paper. If you want to reuse that quote, don’t cite yourself, cite Dr. Pickle, who is the expert. This might mean that you have to go find that article again, but it is a best practice to cite—as best as one can—only original sources.

One final reminder: Keep in mind that if you choose self-citation, you should do so to build upon your ideas from a previous paper, not simply reuse the same content in another context. Got it? Good. Oh, I would be remiss if I didn’t also say that when citing yourself, it is wise to consult the course syllabus and/or your professor beforehand just to make sure citing yourself will be ok.

In closing, I want to give special thanks to Melody Pickle, yes the Dr. Pickle from the example; she is real and an expert and her help on this script has been significant.

Happy writing, everyone!

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Purdue OWL APA 7th edition

Purdue's OWL (Online Writing Lab) is the "go to" for instruction on how to use APA 7th.  Below are a few of the topics OWL has.  Check out their website for more.  https://owl.purdue.edu/index.html 

  • APA Style Introduction APA 7th
  • APA Overview and Workshop APA 7th
  • General Formating APA 7th
  • In-Text Citation: Authors APA 7th
  • Foot Notes and Appendices APA 7th
  • Changes in the 7th Edition APA 7th

APA Tutorials on 7th edition

 If you need to format your research paper or dissertation in APA style, check out these tutorials from APA.

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APA 7th edtion

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  • Comparative Chart of APA 6th and APA 7th This is a quick chart created by the Janis P. Bellack Library comparing the new edition of APA.

NOTE FROM APA about 7th edition:

There is no electronic version of APA 7th edition.

"APA does NOT have an institutional license model for APA’s Publication Manual , but electronic versions are available at Vital Source ( www.vitalsource.com ) and RedShelf ( www.redshelf.com ).

 To help students in need of APA Style guidance, tutorials and quick guides adapted from Academic Writer ® , APA’s tool for teaching and learning effective writing, are now freely available through July 1, 2020.

The Basics of Seventh Edition APA Style tutorial and other material will stay on the APAStyle.org site for free after that date. "

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Citation Help

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APA (American Psychological Association) Style is most commonly used in the  social and behavioral sciences.

  • APA General Format The guidelines for paper format apply to both student assignments and manuscripts being submitted for publication to a journal. If you are using APA Style to create another kind of work (e.g., a website, conference poster, or PowerPoint presentation), you may need to format your work differently in order to optimize its presentation, for example, by using different line spacing and font sizes. Follow the guidelines of your institution or publisher to adapt APA Style formatting guidelines as needed.
  • In-text Citations In scholarly writing, it is essential to acknowledge how others contributed to your work. By following the principles of proper citation, writers ensure that readers understand their contribution in the context of the existing literature—how they are building on, critically examining, or otherwise engaging the work that has come before.
  • Reference List Check each reference carefully against the original publication to ensure information is accurate and complete. Accurately prepared references help establish your credibility as a careful researcher and writer. Consistency in reference formatting allows readers to focus on the content of your reference list, discerning both the types of works you consulted and the important reference elements (who, when, what, and where) with ease. When you present each reference in a consistent fashion, readers do not need to spend time determining how you organized the information. And when searching the literature yourself, you also save time and effort when reading reference lists in the works of others that are written in APA Style.
  • Sample Paper This page contains several sample papers formatted in seventh edition APA Style.
  • DOI Lookup: Crossref Search "Metadata". Crossref makes research outputs easy to find, cite, link, assess, and reuse. We’re a not-for-profit membership organization that exists to make scholarly communications better.
  • Basics of APA Tutorial This tutorial is designed for writers new to APA Style. Learn the basics of seventh edition APA Style, including paper elements, format, and organization; academic writing style; grammar and usage; bias-free language; mechanics of style; tables and figures; in-text citations, paraphrasing, and quotations; and reference list format and order. The Basics of Seventh Edition APA Style tutorial will permanently stay on this site for free.

APA Style from Purdue University's Online Writing Lab (OWL)

  • APA 7th Handout Two page PDF covering common citation and reference types in APA.
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Citing Your Sources: APA and MLA

Introduction to apa.

  • In-text Citations
  • In-text Citation Examples
  • Reference List - Basics
  • Reference List - Example Citations
  • Format your Paper
  • Register for Spring 2024 Workshops

Publication Manual of the APA

Information in this research guide is based on the rules in the following official APA 7th edition manual.  

Cover Art

The information below is a brief introduction to APA citation style (7th edition) that highlights how to cite the most common types of sources.  If you find yourself needing more advanced help, please go to the Purdue University Owl Website , or contact a librarian .  

   

APA Checklist

APA (American Psychological Association) citation style is used widely in the social sciences, natural sciences, nursing and business.  In order to follow APA citation style you will need to do the following:  

purdue owl apa citing yourself

If you paraphrase information from a source, quote a source, or use ideas or content from a source, you’ll need to cite that source in-text AND in the reference list at the end of your paper.  Each in-text citation must have an accompanying citation in your reference list and vice versa.  

APA In-text Citations - Basics

You'll need to create in-text citations throughout your paper in APA format.  An in-text citation in APA includes the author(s) last name(s) and the year the source was published in.  In-text citations denote the source where you found the preceding information and they are often in parentheses at the end of a sentence.

Format of an In-text Citation: 

(Author(s) last name(s), year of publication)  

Note: an in-text citation for a direct quote must also list the page number (see examples below) 

APA In-text Citations - Examples

If your source has one author: 

List the author's last name followed by the year the source was published.  

If your source has two authors: 

List both authors’ last names in the order they appear on the source followed by the year the source was published. 

If your source has three or more authors: 

List the first author’s last name followed by “et al.” (et al. is short for “and others” in Latin) followed by the year of publication.

If your source has a Government, Organization or Business as the author:

Your source might have a "group author" meaning that a government agency, business, or organization created the content.  In these cases, you would treat the group responsible for creating the information as the author.   

*Note: “n.d.” in the in-text citation above is short for “no date” and it means that there is no publication date listed.  Often you’ll find that websites do not have dates listed.  

In-text Citations for Quotations: 

For quotations with fewer than 40 words, use double quotation marks around the copied text.  Include the page number(s) where the quotation can be found and use “p.” if your quotation is on one page (ex: p. 15) and “pp.” if your quotation is on a range of pages (ex: pp. 15-16).  The period at the end of the quotation follows the citation. 

*Note: Go to the Purdue University Owl Website to learn how to create in-text citations when  

  • Your source has no author listed
  • You have a quote longer than 40 words
  • You have Multiple sources with the same author

APA Reference List - Basics

Create a Reference List on a new page at the end of your paper that includes a citation for every source you used to write your paper.  After you've created your citations, put them in alphabetical order.  

An APA citation typically includes the following four elements 

  • Source where you can retrieve the work

You'll see in the example citations below that these elements are found in citations for books, webpages, audiovisual media and more.  

The author of any citation is written a particular way in APA.  Follow the rules below when you write your authors in your citations. 

APA Reference List - Example Citations

Author(s). (year of publication, month, day). Title of blog post with first word capitalized. Title of blog in italics. Link to blog

Book with author(s) (print or ebook):

Author(s). (year of publication). Title in italics with first word capitalized. Publisher. DOI* link if your ebook has one

Book with editor(s) (print or ebook): 

Editor(s) (Ed.). (year of publication). Title in italics with first word capitalized. Publisher. DOI* link if your ebook has one

Film or Video:

The director (Director). (year film was produced). Title in italics with first word capitalized [Film; version information if unique]. Production company.

Journal Article:

Author(s). (year of publication). Title of the journal article with first word capitalized. Title of the Journal in italics and capitalized, volume number(issue number), page range. DOI* link if available

Note that there was no issue number for the Bamber article below.

Magazine Article:

Author(s). (year of publication, month, day). Title of the article with first word capitalized.  Title of the magazine in italics and capitalized, volume number(issue), page range.  If you have a link to the article accessible to the general public then include that at the end of the citation, but do not include links to library databases.

Note that there is no volume or issue number listed for the Cohen article below.

Newspaper Article:

Author(s). (year of publication, month, day). Title of the article with first word capitalized.  Title of the newspaper in italics and capitalized. If you have a link to the article accessible to the general public then include that at the end of the citation, but do not include links to library databases.

Author(s). (year of publication, month, day). Title of webpage in italics with the first word capitalized. Website name. URL

* A DOI (digital object identifier) is a stable link to an article.  Here is an example:  https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2017.1379674

Format Your Paper

Disclaimer:

Your instructor may ask for different formatting.  Follow your instructor’s guidelines for formatting if they differ from what is listed below. 

Title Page:

On the first page of your paper, centered, write the following in order double-spaced:

  • Title of Your Paper in bold font
  • Your Affiliation (eg. Harper College)
  • The course number and title (eg. PSY 101: Introduction to Psychology)  
  • The Instructor (eg. Professor Brown)
  • The Paper’s Due Date (eg. October 31, 2021)

If your quote is fewer than 40 words, put quotation marks around the quote and then make sure to create your in-text citation including the page number following the quote.  If your quote is 40 words or more, create a block quotation: start the quotation on a new line, indent the whole quotation by .5 inches so that it looks like a block of text and create an in-text citation including the page number.  Go online to the official  APA website  to see examples. 

Page Margins:

1 inch margins on top, bottom, left and right 

Double space your entire paper including the title page, text of your paper, quotes, and reference list. 

The page number should go on the top right of every page as a header (including the title page as page 1)

Reference List:

Start your Reference List on a new page.  Write the words “References” in bold at the top of the page, centered.  Then list your citations alphabetically.  If a citation takes up more than one line on the page, indent all lines after the first line by .5 inches from the left margin (this is called a hanging indent).

How to create a hanging indent in Word: 

1. highlight all of your citations in your reference list

2. right click on the highlighted area

3. a dropdown will appear, click "paragraph" in the dropdown

4.  a box will pop-up; where it says "indentation special" select "hanging" and then make sure it's by .5 inches.

5.  click "okay" 

How to create a hanging indent in Google Docs: 

2. click "format" at the top of your screen

3. click "Align & Indent" 

4. click "Indentation Options" 

5. under indentation left and right it should be 0

6. under special, select "hanging", and it should be by .5 inches

Sample Papers formatted in APA are available on the Purdue University OWL website.   

Helpful Links

  • Purdue OWL APA Guide This is a comprehensive guide to APA created by Purdue University.
  • Sample Papers
  • Missing Information
  • APA Style Blog

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  • APA Citation Generator

Free APA Citation Generator

Generate citations in APA format quickly and automatically, with MyBib!

APA 7 guide book cover

🤔 What is an APA Citation Generator?

An APA citation generator is a software tool that will automatically format academic citations in the American Psychological Association (APA) style.

It will usually request vital details about a source -- like the authors, title, and publish date -- and will output these details with the correct punctuation and layout required by the official APA style guide.

Formatted citations created by a generator can be copied into the bibliography of an academic paper as a way to give credit to the sources referenced in the main body of the paper.

👩‍🎓 Who uses an APA Citation Generator?

College-level and post-graduate students are most likely to use an APA citation generator, because APA style is the most favored style at these learning levels. Before college, in middle and high school, MLA style is more likely to be used. In other parts of the world styles such as Harvard (UK and Australia) and DIN 1505 (Europe) are used more often.

🙌 Why should I use a Citation Generator?

Like almost every other citation style, APA style can be cryptic and hard to understand when formatting citations. Citations can take an unreasonable amount of time to format manually, and it is easy to accidentally include errors. By using a citation generator to do this work you will:

  • Save a considerable amount of time
  • Ensure that your citations are consistent and formatted correctly
  • Be rewarded with a higher grade

In academia, bibliographies are graded on their accuracy against the official APA rulebook, so it is important for students to ensure their citations are formatted correctly. Special attention should also be given to ensure the entire document (including main body) is structured according to the APA guidelines. Our complete APA format guide has everything you need know to make sure you get it right (including examples and diagrams).

⚙️ How do I use MyBib's APA Citation Generator?

Our APA generator was built with a focus on simplicity and speed. To generate a formatted reference list or bibliography just follow these steps:

  • Start by searching for the source you want to cite in the search box at the top of the page.
  • MyBib will automatically locate all the required information. If any is missing you can add it yourself.
  • Your citation will be generated correctly with the information provided and added to your bibliography.
  • Repeat for each citation, then download the formatted list and append it to the end of your paper.

MyBib supports the following for APA style:

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Daniel is a qualified librarian, former teacher, and citation expert. He has been contributing to MyBib since 2018.

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Citation Guide

  • Avoiding Plagiarism This link opens in a new window
  • APA 7th Edition
  • MLA 8th Edition
  • Chicago 16th & Turbian 7th Edition
  • Council of Science Editors (CSE)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • Other Styles

Online Resources

  • American Psychological Association
  • APA 7th Edition Reference Quick Guide
  • Basics of 7th Edition APA Tutorial
  • Citation Fox
  • The Purdue OWL: APA Style
  • MLA Handbook Plus This link opens in a new window The cornerstone of MLA Handbook Plus is the ninth edition of the MLA Handbook, released in print in spring 2021. The ninth edition was created in direct, sustained dialogue with the instructors, librarians, and students around the world who use the handbook every day. A comprehensive reference work and textbook, the new handbook features • 400 pages • seven chapters, three of which are devoted to documentation • 142 visual examples • over 500 sample citations • two appendixes • a comprehensive index

Books on APA Style

purdue owl apa citing yourself

APA Citation Style Examples

Journal articles.

Author, A. A., Author B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article.  Title of Journal, Volume (Issue), pages–pages. https://doi.org/XXXXXXXXXXX

Reed, M. J., Kennett, D. J., Lewis, T., Lund-Lucas, E., Stallberg, C., & Newbold, I. L. (2009). The relative effects of university success courses and individualized interventions for students with learning disabilities.  Higher Education Research & Development ,  28 (4), 385–400. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360903067013

Newspaper Articles (online)

Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of article.  Newspaper Title , pages–pages.

Associated Press. (2019, October 7). Unions sue USDA seeking to halt new pork processing rule.  The New York Times . https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2019/10/07/us/ap-us-pork-slaughter-changes.html

Magazine Articles (online)

Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of article.  Title of Magazine, Volume (Issue) .  http://xxxxx

  The supermarket of the future. (2017, May 23).  Consumer Reports . https://www.consumerreports.org/grocery-stores-supermarkets/supermarket-of-the-future/

Books & eBooks

Author, A. A. (Year).  Title of book.  Publisher. https://doi.org/XXXXXX

  George, M. W. (2008).  The elements of library research: What every student needs to know .  Princeton University Press.

Chapter in an Edited Book

Author of Chapter, A. A. & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.),  Title of book  (pp. xxx–xxx). Publisher.

Shephered, S. (1988). Shakespeare's private writings: Shakespeare and secrets. In G. Holderness (Ed.),  The Shakespeare myth  (pp. 96–110). Manchester University Press.

Films (DVD / Streaming)

Director, A. A. (Director). (Year).  Title of video  [Film]. Production Company.

Bier, S. (Director). (2018).  Bird box  [Film]. Netflix; Chris Morgan Productions; Dylan Clark Productions.

Author (Year).  Title of image  [Photograph]. Website. http://xxxxx

Science in HD. (n.d.).  Living large  [Photograph]. Unsplash .  https://unsplash.com/photos/te465W47_b8

Online Videos ( e.g.  YouTube)

Author, A. A. [username]. (Year, Month Day).  Title of video  [Video]. Website. http://xxxxx

Vercamath. (2011, July 25).  Parallel universes explained  [Video]. YouTube.    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GWaB3SksOQU

Host, A. A. (Host). (Year, Month Day). Episode title (No. XX)  [Audio podcast episode]. In  Title of podcast .  Production Company. http://xxxxx

Mars, R. (Host). (2019, September 30). The help-yourself city (No. 375) [Audio podcast episode]. In  99% invisible . Radiotopia. https://99percentinvisible.org/episode/the-help-yourself-city/

Webpages / Web Documents

Author, A. A. (Year).  Title of page . Website. http://xxxxx

U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. (2010).  Facing down PTSD, vet is now soaring high .

       http://www.mentalhealth.va.gov/featureArticle_Feb.asp

More examples may be found here:  https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples

APA Style ®  originated in 1929, when a group of psychologists, anthropologists, and business managers convened and sought to establish a simple set of procedures, or  style rules , that would codify the many components of scientific writing to increase the ease of reading comprehension.

As with other editorial styles, APA Style consists of rules or guidelines that a publisher observes to ensure clear and consistent presentation of written material. It concerns uniform use of such elements as:

  • selection of headings, tone, and length;
  • punctuation and abbreviations;
  • presentation of numbers and statistics;
  • construction of tables and figures,
  • citation of references; and
  • many other elements that are a part of a manuscript.

( American Psychology Association )

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  6. APA: Overview of Purdue's Online Writing Lab (OWL)

COMMENTS

  1. APA Formatting and Style Guide (7th Edition)

    In-Text Citations Resources on using in-text citations in APA style The Basics General guidelines for referring to the works of others in your essay Author/Authors How to refer to authors in-text, including single and multiple authors, unknown authors, organizations, etc. Reference List

  2. General Format

    General Format General Format Please use the example at the bottom of this page to cite the Purdue OWL in APA. You can also watch our APA vidcast series on the Purdue OWL YouTube Channel. Cite your source automatically in APA Cite Using citation machines responsibly Powered by General APA Guidelines

  3. APA Style Introduction

    Using citation machines responsibly Powered by APA Overview and Workshop This workshop provides an overview of APA (American Psychological Association) style and where to find help with different APA resources. It provides an annotated list of links to all of our APA materials and an APA overview.

  4. General APA FAQs

    According to the OWL's resource on APA-style citations, "If the work does not have an author, cite the source by its title in the signal phrase or use the first word or two in the parentheses. Titles of books and reports are italicized; titles of articles, chapters, and web pages are in quotation marks."

  5. In-Text Citations: The Basics

    In-Text Citations: The Basics Note: This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style can be found here. Reference citations in text are covered on pages 261-268 of the Publication Manual.

  6. Research and Citation Resources

    Cite your source automatically in MLA or APA format Cite Using citation machines responsibly Powered by APA Style (7th Edition) These OWL resources will help you learn how to use the American Psychological Association (APA) citation and format style.

  7. How do I cite myself in APA format?

    Aug 27, 2020 1137 If you are using information from a previous paper you've written or from a project you've completed in a past assignment or class, it is appropriate to self-cite in order to avoid self-plagiarism. To cite or quote from a previous work you've created, follow examples for citing an unpublished work.

  8. Reference List: Electronic Sources

    Cite your source automatically in APA Cite Using citation machines responsibly Powered by Please note: the following contains a list of the most commonly cited electronic sources. For a complete list of how to cite electronic sources, please refer to the 7 th edition of the APA Publication Manual. Webpage or Piece of Online Content

  9. APA Style Guide

    Purdue's OWL (Online Writing Lab) provides instruction on how to use APA 7th. Below are a few topics covered by the OWL. APA Style Introduction APA 7th APA Overview and Workshop APA 7th General Formatting APA 7th In-Text Citation: Authors APA 7th Foot Notes and Appendices APA 7th Changes in the 7th Edition APA 7th Last Edited: Feb 9, 2024 10:42 AM

  10. APA Sample Paper

    Purdue OWL Research and Citation APA Style (7th Edition) APA Formatting and Style Guide (7th Edition) APA Sample Paper APA Sample Paper Note: This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style can be found here.

  11. APA

    Citation Management Tools Quick Reference Generators Citation management tools help you track and organize the articles you are gathering for your research. Citation management tools also generate in-text citations, import records from databases, and reference pages.

  12. APA Citation Style

    Citation Management Citation management software can help you manage your citations and easily organize and format your citations in a wide variety of citation styles. Check out the links below for more information about these useful programs. Citation Management Basics

  13. Library: Purdue Global Library: APA Style Help & Tools

    Academic Writer contains a Writing section where you can create and write a full APA-formatted paper. You can write the entire paper in Academic Writer or just use it to setup the title page, headings, and references. Export your work at any time to a Microsoft Word document. Below are documents from Academic Writer about the essential features ...

  14. APA Citation Format

    APA 7th Edition Citation Format instructions--Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) APA Style Manual Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th ed. by American Psychological Association Call Number: BF76.7 .P83 2020 (three copies at HSSE reference desk, one in HICKS) ISBN: 9781433832161 Publication Date: 2020

  15. Do-it-yourself

    Capitalization: For periodical titles (journals, magazines, newspapers). Capitalize ALL major words, and put the periodical title in italics. After the title, add a comma and the volume number in italics. Book, ebook, report, and web page titles have only the first word of the title and subtitle capitalized and are written in italics.

  16. Reusing Your Work and Citing Yourself

    How to Cite Your Unpublished Work Although not required in the policy above, in rare instances, you may need to or want to cite your unpublished Walden coursework. If you cite or quote your previous work, treat yourself as the author and your own written document as the source.

  17. Self-Citation

    The answer: yes and no. What? How can this be? Simply put, the topic of self-citation and plagiarism can be confusing, so let's break it down. You plagiarize yourself when you reuse work that you have used elsewhere without making anyone aware of this reuse of old content.

  18. Publication Style Guides

    Education This is a guide for doing research in education. Purdue OWL APA 7th edition Purdue's OWL (Online Writing Lab) is the "go to" for instruction on how to use APA 7th. Below are a few of the topics OWL has. Check out their website for more. https://owl.purdue.edu/index.html APA Style Introduction APA 7th APA Overview and Workshop APA 7th

  19. APA Formatting and Style Guide

    This resource was written by David Neyhart and Erin Karper. Last full revision by Jodi Wagner. Last edited by Dana Lynn Driscoll on May 17th 2007 at 3:24PM. Summary: APA (American Psychological Association) is most commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences. This resource, revised according to the 5th edition of the APA manual, offers examples for the general format of APA ...

  20. APA 7th

    And when searching the literature yourself, you also save time and effort when reading reference lists in the works of others that are written in APA Style. ... APA Style from Purdue University's Online Writing Lab (OWL) APA 7th Handout. Two page PDF covering common citation and reference types in APA. << Previous: MLA; Next: Chicago >> Last ...

  21. APA

    The information below is a brief introduction to APA citation style (7th edition) that highlights how to cite the most common types of sources. If you find yourself needing more advanced help, please go to the Purdue University Owl Website , or contact a librarian .

  22. Free APA Citation Generator [Updated for 2024]

    Repeat for each citation, then download the formatted list and append it to the end of your paper. Done! Generate APA style citations quickly and accurately with our FREE APA citation generator. Enter a website URL, book ISBN, or search with keywords, and we do the rest! Updated with APA 7th Edition!

  23. APA 7th Edition

    APA Style® originated in 1929, when a group of psychologists, anthropologists, and business managers convened and sought to establish a simple set of procedures, or style rules, that would codify the many components of scientific writing to increase the ease of reading comprehension. As with other editorial styles, APA Style consists of rules ...