technical report writing exam

Technical Report Writing Quiz Questions With Answers

Do you know how to write a technical report? What are the dos and don't of technical report writing? Attempt these quiz questions with correct answers and evaluate yourself. A technical report is a formal document that conveys the progress, process, and result of any scientific research in a technical format. Here, we will ask a few basic questions related to English grammar too to check whether your basics are strong or not. You should definitely play this quiz if you want to improve your writing better.

Choose the correct sentence

A gentlemen was walking along a road dressed in blue with green trees in both sides.

A dressed in blue gentlemen was walking along a road with green tress on both sides.

A gentlemen was walking along a road with green tress on both sides dressed blue.

A gentlemen dressed in blue was walking a road with green tress on both sides.

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You have to prepare an essay in MS Word consisting of only 250 words. What is the most convenient way for you to count the total number of words in the document?

First justify the document ( both left and right), then count the number of words on one, and multiply number of lines to get a rough.

Select text which you have to count and right click the mouse, choose the " Word Count" option.

Choose the "Word Count" from the menu.

Choose the " Paragraph Statistics" option under View Menu.

Count each word one by one, since, there is currently no tool available for counting the number of words.

What is abstract?

Conclusion of the report contents

Comments on the report content

Summaries of the content of a report or a document

All of the above

Choose the correct preposition to fill in the blank.  All the people injured in the accident been admitted_________ a hospital.

Which of the following sentences/ options describes an "index"..

Product names and technical terminology that are including document

A method of accessing the information that is included in the document

An ordered list of words and phrases

In Microsoft Excel, you select the row headings 10,11 and 12 then choose the menu option Insert --> Row. What will happen?

Three rows will be inserted after a row 12

One new row will be inserted after a row 12

Three rows will be inserted after row 9

One new row will be inserted after row 9

If you want to write a technical report on how type-1 diabetes is treated, you will probably include:

What causes type-1 diabetes.

Effects of the disease on the offspring of the affected.

How the disease is treated.

The kind of technologies available to treat the disease.

What would you call a report that gives a background on a particular topic, say greenhouse gases?

Evaluation Report

Technical Background Report

Technical Background specification Report

Secondary Research Background Report

Which of the following is a diagram drawing software application used to draw diagrams like flow charts?

What are screen shots.

Graphics of computer screens that are captured to be inserted in technical document.

Pictures that are downloaded from the internet and inserted in a document, for instance, to help illustrate the instruction manual.

Graphics that are created by a designer as an illustrated step-by-step manual.

What is the quickest way to select all the columns in a worksheet in Microsoft Excel?

Click the column heading of the first column press shift and then click on the column heading of the last column

Click on the column heading of the first column, press control and then click on the column heading of the last column.

Choose edit , select all from the main menu

Click on the gray rectangle on the upper left corner of the worksheet where the column heading and row heading meet.

How would you describe a process?

A prescription of the steps that user takes to perform a task

A description of the overall performance of a system

A description of a system or how a system operates

A series of steps taken to perform an action in a task.

Choose the correct sentence from the following:

Select your country from the drops lists in the country fields

Select your country from the drop down list in the country field

Select your country from the drop-down list in the country's field

Which of the following best defines RoboHELP?

It is an operating system

It is an application software that assists amateurs in technical writing

It is a software that assist amateurs in technical writing

It is utility software that helps designs graphics

It is a flowcharting tool

A document that consists of instruction on how to use or troubleshoot a product is known as a__________.

Troubleshooting Guide

Design Pamphlet

Choose the correct sentence(s).

Unless the world is control its population, mankind will continue to face one problem another.

Unless the world does not control its population, mankind will continue to face one problem after another.

Unless the world does not control its population, till then mankind will continue to face one problem after another.

Unless the world fails to control its population, mankind will continue to face one problem after another

Which of the following are characteristic features of "Plain English"?

Keeping sentence short

Using active voice

Using words that are appropriate for the reader

Using passive voice

STC stands for

Society for Technical Communication

Society for Technical Contents

Standard Technical Contents

Standard Technical Communication

What does "flaming " refer to?

Tutering a chat room without an invitation

Either sending a derogatory email "verbally" attacking someone in a chat.

Creating a raunchy or otherwise unsuitable moniker

Asking a moderator to get involved in a discussion

When writing an email it is generally a good idea for your paragraphs to be ___________

In a huge font making them easier to read

Always indented

None of the above

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Technical Report Writing Past Papers important Questions

Technical report writing past papers 1.

Paper: Technical Report Writing Time Allowed: 3 hours Examination:   Total Marks:    70, Passing Marks (35)

Q.1      Define communication. Explain different types of communication.                          (14)

Q.2      Discuss Questionnaire’s design in detail.                                                                               (14)

Q.3.     Explain 7 C’s of communication in two sentences each.                                                                   (14)

Q.4      Write merits and demerits of interview in detail.                                                                   (14)

Q.5      what is survey. Write about email survey and web based survey in detail.                            (14)

Q.6.     what are different varieties of reports generated in an organization?                                                (14)

Q.7.     write short notes on the following: (14)

(a) The importance of press release

(b) Different types of official letters

Technical Report Writing important questions in Past Papers 2

Q1.      Write an essay on any one of the following:-

• Visit to a historical place
• Exercise and health
• Child labour

Q2.      How would you prepare skeletal framework for a report? Explain.

Q3.      Briefly explain the methods through which information can be obtained.

Q4.      Explain the process of checking and amending the report.

Q5.      Discuss the different ways of achieving good style of report writing.

Q6.     What would be the suitable format of preparing interview reports?

Q7.      Explain the principles of effective report writing.

Q8.      Briefly explain the considerations and decisions required while choosing overall layout and design.

Past Papers of Technical Report Writing 3

Technical report writing past papers 4.

Q.1      Write short answers to the following:

• Conciseness
• Nonverbal Communication

Q.2      What are the different strategies for reducing stage fright?

Q.3      What is the importance of effective business communication? Discuss.

Q.4      Describe proposal writing in detail.

Q.5      Write a cover letter for the post of software engineer.

Q.6      What are the different components of a resume?

Q.7      Explain the structure of a memo.

Q.8      Write short notes on any two of the following

• Persuasive Request
• Concreteness
• Self-assessment

Technical Report Writing Past Papers 5

• Role of Feedback
• Importance of medium in communication

Q.2      Explain the questionnaire design in detail.

Q.3      What is the importance of press releases?

Q.4      Explain the process of communication in detail.

Q.5      What are the various pros and cons of different types of communication?

Q.6      Discuss the structure of a report.

Q.7      What are the demerits of the interview?

• Likert scale
• Email survey
• Web-based survey

Technical Report Writing Past Papers 6

Q1.      Mark the following sentences as True or False:

• Short Reports are formal reports.
• Use of correct grammar is not important for writing a proposal.
• Visual aids mean use of Multimedia only.
• Prefatory sections are the end sections of a report.
• APA means American Psychological Administration.
• There are three main kinds of proposals.
• RFP means Reports for People.

Q2.      Write a note on principles of report writing.

Q3.      What techniques are to be kept in mind when writing a research paper?

Q4.      What are the different steps for effective presentation?

Q5.      Write a note on different parts of a proposals.

Q6.      Write an essay of 300 words on any one of the following topics:

• The Role of Poverty in Corruption
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Face book

Q7.      Explain in detail what is progress report?

Technical Report Writing Past Papers 7

Technical report writing past papers 8.

Q.1 Fill in the blanks with suitable word.

Q.2 What is the effective writing? What are the essential elements of effective writing?

Q.3 Define report writing. Why preliminary study is important before writing a report.

Q.4 What is Bibliography? Discuss the type of references.

Q.5 “Audio-visual aids make your presentation charming” Discuss?

Q.6 Explain the different steps involved in proposal writing.

Q.7 Discuss writing process? Clearly mention the importance of editing, reviewing and rewriting?

Q.8 Explain an essay about so much words on any ONE of the following. A. Unemployment and Pakistan youth. B. Science is the service of man. C. Women Education.

Technical Report Writing Past Papers 9

Q.1 Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

• Will you stand _______________ me in trouble?
• To b) With                        c) By               d) Up
• I _______________ slept all night.
• Haven’t b) Couldn’t     c) Hasn’t         d) Wouldn’t
• He is notorious _______________ his enemies.
• a) For b) To c) In                 d) By
• Barking dogs seldom _______________
• a) Bite b) Cut c) Run             d) Care
• I have applied _______________ a new job.
• a) For b) To c) In                 d) On
• Soon as an _______________
• a) Adverb b) Adjective c) Interjection d) Verb
• The horse jumped ______________ the fence.
• a) Upon b) On c) Over            d) Above
• She speaks _____________
• Beautiful      b) Beautifully         c) Beauty         d) Best
• The synonym of Noble is _______________
• a) Common b) Humble              c) Aristocratic             d) Abandon
• The antonym of bravely is _______________
• a) Cowardly b) Furiously                        c) Deadly                    d) Boldly

Q.2      What do we mean by Audio-Visual aids? Are Audio Visual aids important in effective presentation?

Q.3      What is  effective writing? Also explain its essential elements.

Q.4      What is summary? What are the important points to remember while summarizing a text?

Q.5      What is Bibliography? Discuss the type of references.

Q.6      Describe the principles of report writing?

Q.7      Discuss the different steps involved in proposal writing?

Q.8      Write an essay on any ONE­ of the following.

• Use of mobile phone
• Co-Education

Technical Report Writing Past Papers 10

Q1.      7 C, s of communication plays important role in communication. Briefly explain each of them?

Q2.      What is the purpose of Report Writing?

Q.3      What are the different types of listening skills?

Q.4      Explain 5 planning steps with example?

Q.5      Write a proposal to MC Donalds for providing 20 meals daily at your university in management

department. Tell them about the details of timings and meals.

Q.6      Write a Letter (persuasive letter) to persuade an Editor or the Public on an Issue of increasing water

pollution in your area?

Q.7      What is the APA Method of citation?

Q.8      Explain the leadership responsibilities in meeting?

Q.9      How can we describe business communication in ethical context?

Q.10    Write a detail note on visual aids in proposal writing?                                                                                                                   

Technical Report Writing Past Papers 11

Q1.      Attempt the following: (20 marks)

• __________is a process, where symbols are used to arrange words, words are used to arrange sentences, sentences are used to communicate.
• _______communication should be in way to write for your audience and not for your personal style
• Great care is required to ensure that your message is accurately interpreted by its audience:True/False
• The first two stages of Pre-writing Skills are brainstorming and focused free writing:        True/False
• Highlighting relationships among ideas and connection of two concepts occurs in writing. True/False
• What is the importance of writing?
• To transfer an intangible form of idea into a tangible form
• To transfer a tangible form into an intangible forms
• No transfer is required
• Writing is useless
• The different types of writing styles are:
• Free writing
• Persuasive writing
• Creative writing
• All of these
• Technical report writing follows _____________________
• The characteristics of Free writing are:
• Write nonstop for a set period of time (10–20 minutes)
• Do not make corrections as you write
• Keep writing, even if you have to write something like, “I don’t know what to write. “Write whatever comes into your mind”
• Do not judge or censor what you are writing
• All of the above
• Persuasive writing is:
• To take a position Against an issue
• To take a position For an issue
• To convince the reader through believe in something

Q2.      Attempt the following:(week 6, 13-Format of a research paper, writing proposals)

• What is research? (2 marks)
• What are the different types of writing (2 marks)
• What is persuasive writing (2 marks)
• What is the importance of writing (2 marks)
• What is technical report writing (2marks)

Q3.      What are the principals of report writing? Also explain that while developing a technical report, how do we collect and organize information/material, make short meaningful sentences, use simple and correct grammar, review, edit, and rewrite? Explain this phenomena with examples. (12.5 marks) Organize material, write short meaningful sentences, use of simple and correct grammar, review, edit, rewrite/Principles of report writing)

Q4.      Attempt the following: Bibliography, meanings and types, Bibliography and Research)

• What is Bibliography? Give examples. (2.5 marks)
• What are the types of bibliography? (5 marks)
• What is the importance and need of bibliography in research/report writing? (5 marks)

Q5.      What is research proposal? Write and explain all the steps of research proposal (12.5 marks) Format of a research paper, writing proposals)

Q6.      Describe and explain the procedure of technical report writing? Also what is preliminary study, careful planning in terms of report writing? (Week 3, Procedure of writing reports: Preliminary study, careful planning)

Q7.      What is a critical argument? How do you apply the concept of criticism in your research paper? Also what is rapid composition and revision? (12.5 marks)(Week 4, Rapid Composition, criticism and revision)

Q.1      What is the importance of press releases?

Q.2      Elaborate the process of construction a Questionnaire.

Q.3      What are the merits and demerits of interview?

Q.4      Explain different types of communication.

Q.5      How an official letter is drafted?

Q.6      Making a power point presentation is important for Formal meetings. Why?

Q.7      What are the different principles of Communication?

• Email Survey
• Web-Based survey
• Computer direct interviews

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Guide to Technical Report Writing

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School of Engineering and Informatics (for staff and students)

Table of contents

1 Introduction

2 structure, 3 presentation, 4 planning the report, 5 writing the first draft, 6 revising the first draft, 7 diagrams, graphs, tables and mathematics, 8 the report layout, 10 references to diagrams, graphs, tables and equations, 11 originality and plagiarism, 12 finalising the report and proofreading, 13 the summary, 14 proofreading, 15 word processing / desktop publishing, 16 recommended reading.

A technical report is a formal report designed to convey technical information in a clear and easily accessible format. It is divided into sections which allow different readers to access different levels of information. This guide explains the commonly accepted format for a technical report; explains the purposes of the individual sections; and gives hints on how to go about drafting and refining a report in order to produce an accurate, professional document.

A technical report should contain the following sections;

For technical reports required as part of an assessment, the following presentation guidelines are recommended;

There are some excellent textbooks contain advice about the writing process and how to begin (see Section 16 ). Here is a checklist of the main stages;

• Collect your information. Sources include laboratory handouts and lecture notes, the University Library, the reference books and journals in the Department office. Keep an accurate record of all the published references which you intend to use in your report, by noting down the following information; Journal article: author(s) title of article name of journal (italic or underlined) year of publication volume number (bold) issue number, if provided (in brackets) page numbers Book: author(s) title of book (italic or underlined) edition, if appropriate publisher year of publication N.B. the listing of recommended textbooks in section 2 contains all this information in the correct format.
• Creative phase of planning. Write down topics and ideas from your researched material in random order. Next arrange them into logical groups. Keep note of topics that do not fit into groups in case they come in useful later. Put the groups into a logical sequence which covers the topic of your report.
• Structuring the report. Using your logical sequence of grouped ideas, write out a rough outline of the report with headings and subheadings.

N.B. the listing of recommended textbooks in Section 16 contains all this information in the correct format.

Who is going to read the report? For coursework assignments, the readers might be fellow students and/or faculty markers. In professional contexts, the readers might be managers, clients, project team members. The answer will affect the content and technical level, and is a major consideration in the level of detail required in the introduction.

Begin writing with the main text, not the introduction. Follow your outline in terms of headings and subheadings. Let the ideas flow; do not worry at this stage about style, spelling or word processing. If you get stuck, go back to your outline plan and make more detailed preparatory notes to get the writing flowing again.

Make rough sketches of diagrams or graphs. Keep a numbered list of references as they are included in your writing and put any quoted material inside quotation marks (see Section 11 ).

Write the Conclusion next, followed by the Introduction. Do not write the Summary at this stage.

This is the stage at which your report will start to take shape as a professional, technical document. In revising what you have drafted you must bear in mind the following, important principle;

• the essence of a successful technical report lies in how accurately and concisely it conveys the intended information to the intended readership.

During year 1, term 1 you will be learning how to write formal English for technical communication. This includes examples of the most common pitfalls in the use of English and how to avoid them. Use what you learn and the recommended books to guide you. Most importantly, when you read through what you have written, you must ask yourself these questions;

• Does that sentence/paragraph/section say what I want and mean it to say? If not, write it in a different way.
• Are there any words/sentences/paragraphs which could be removed without affecting the information which I am trying to convey? If so, remove them.

It is often the case that technical information is most concisely and clearly conveyed by means other than words. Imagine how you would describe an electrical circuit layout using words rather than a circuit diagram. Here are some simple guidelines;

The appearance of a report is no less important than its content. An attractive, clearly organised report stands a better chance of being read. Use a standard, 12pt, font, such as Times New Roman, for the main text. Use different font sizes, bold, italic and underline where appropriate but not to excess. Too many changes of type style can look very fussy.

Use heading and sub-headings to break up the text and to guide the reader. They should be based on the logical sequence which you identified at the planning stage but with enough sub-headings to break up the material into manageable chunks. The use of numbering and type size and style can clarify the structure as follows;

• In the main text you must always refer to any diagram, graph or table which you use.
• Label diagrams and graphs as follows; Figure 1.2 Graph of energy output as a function of wave height. In this example, the second diagram in section 1 would be referred to by "...see figure 1.2..."
• Label tables in a similar fashion; Table 3.1 Performance specifications of a range of commercially available GaAsFET devices In this example, the first table in section 3 might be referred to by "...with reference to the performance specifications provided in Table 3.1..."
• Number equations as follows; F(dB) = 10*log 10 (F) (3.6) In this example, the sixth equation in section 3 might be referred to by "...noise figure in decibels as given by eqn (3.6)..."

Whenever you make use of other people's facts or ideas, you must indicate this in the text with a number which refers to an item in the list of references. Any phrases, sentences or paragraphs which are copied unaltered must be enclosed in quotation marks and referenced by a number. Material which is not reproduced unaltered should not be in quotation marks but must still be referenced. It is not sufficient to list the sources of information at the end of the report; you must indicate the sources of information individually within the report using the reference numbering system.

Information that is not referenced is assumed to be either common knowledge or your own work or ideas; if it is not, then it is assumed to be plagiarised i.e. you have knowingly copied someone else's words, facts or ideas without reference, passing them off as your own. This is a serious offence . If the person copied from is a fellow student, then this offence is known as collusion and is equally serious. Examination boards can, and do, impose penalties for these offences ranging from loss of marks to disqualification from the award of a degree

This warning applies equally to information obtained from the Internet. It is very easy for markers to identify words and images that have been copied directly from web sites. If you do this without acknowledging the source of your information and putting the words in quotation marks then your report will be sent to the Investigating Officer and you may be called before a disciplinary panel.

Your report should now be nearly complete with an introduction, main text in sections, conclusions, properly formatted references and bibliography and any appendices. Now you must add the page numbers, contents and title pages and write the summary.

The summary, with the title, should indicate the scope of the report and give the main results and conclusions. It must be intelligible without the rest of the report. Many people may read, and refer to, a report summary but only a few may read the full report, as often happens in a professional organisation.

• Purpose - a short version of the report and a guide to the report.
• Length - short, typically not more than 100-300 words
• Content - provide information, not just a description of the report.

This refers to the checking of every aspect of a piece of written work from the content to the layout and is an absolutely necessary part of the writing process. You should acquire the habit of never sending or submitting any piece of written work, from email to course work, without at least one and preferably several processes of proofreading. In addition, it is not possible for you, as the author of a long piece of writing, to proofread accurately yourself; you are too familiar with what you have written and will not spot all the mistakes.

When you have finished your report, and before you staple it, you must check it very carefully yourself. You should then give it to someone else, e.g. one of your fellow students, to read carefully and check for any errors in content, style, structure and layout. You should record the name of this person in your acknowledgements.

Two useful tips;

• Do not bother with style and formatting of a document until the penultimate or final draft.
• Do not try to get graphics finalised until the text content is complete.
• Davies J.W. Communication Skills - A Guide for Engineering and Applied Science Students (2nd ed., Prentice Hall, 2001)
• van Emden J. Effective communication for Science and Technology (Palgrave 2001)
• van Emden J. A Handbook of Writing for Engineers 2nd ed. (Macmillan 1998)
• van Emden J. and Easteal J. Technical Writing and Speaking, an Introduction (McGraw-Hill 1996)
• Pfeiffer W.S. Pocket Guide to Technical Writing (Prentice Hall 1998)
• Eisenberg A. Effective Technical Communication (McGraw-Hill 1992)

Updated and revised by the Department of Engineering & Design, November 2022

School Office: School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Sussex, Chichester 1 Room 002, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ [email protected] T 01273 (67) 8195 School Office opening hours: School Office open Monday – Friday 09:00-15:00, phone lines open Monday-Friday 09:00-17:00 School Office location [PDF 1.74MB]

Copyright © 2023, University of Sussex

• Academic Skills
• Report writing

Technical report writing

A quick guide to writing technical reports in Engineering.

The main purpose of an Engineering technical report is to present a solution to a problem in order to prompt action. Technical reports provide a record of your developing expertise and are a legal record of your work and decision making.

What is a technical report?

Technical reports are a central part of your professional success and are usually designed to:

• Convince the reader of your position
• Persuade them to act, or
• Inform them of your findings.

They are an opportunity for you to:

• Clearly communicate a solution to a problem
• Recommend action, and
• Aid decision making.

Technical reports are designed for quick and easy communication of information, and use:

• Sections with numbered headings and subheadings, and
• Figures and diagrams to convey data.

How do I structure a technical report?

Regardless of the specific purpose of your technical report, the structure and conventions rarely differ. Check your subject requirements and expand the sections below to learn more about each section. Download a Technical Report template here.

Technical reports usually require a title page. To know what to include, follow the conventions required in your subject.

A technical report summary (or abstract) should include a brief overview of your investigation, outcomes and recommendations. It must include all the key information your reader needs to make a decision, without them having to read your full report. Don’t treat your summary as an introduction; it should act as a stand-alone document.

Tip: Write your summary last.

Help your reader quickly and easily find what they are looking for by using informative headings and careful numbering of your sections and sub-sections. For example:

A technical report introduction:

• provides context for the problem being addressed,
• discusses relevant previous research, and
• states your aim or hypothesis.

To help, consider these questions:

• What have you investigated?
• How does your study fit into the current literature?
• What have previous studies found in the area?
• Why is it worth investigating?
• What was the experiment about?
• Why did you do it?
• What did you expect to learn from it?

The body of a technical report is structured according to the needs of your reader and the nature of the project. The writer decides how to structure it and what to include.

To help, ask yourself:

• What does the reader need to know first?
• What is the most logical way to develop the story of the project?

Tip: look at other technical reports in your discipline to see what they’ve included and in what order.

Technical reports include a mixture of text, tables, figures and formulae. Consider how you can present the information best for your reader. Would a table or figure help to convey your ideas more effectively than a paragraph describing the same data?

Figures and tables should:

• Be numbered
• Be referred to in-text, e.g. In Table 1 …, and
• Include a simple descriptive label - above a table and below a figure.

Equations and formulae should be:

• Referred to in-text, e.g. See Eq 1 for …
• Centred on the page, and
• On a separate line.

Your conclusion should mirror your introduction.

Be sure to:

• Refer to your aims
• Summarise your key findings, and
• State your major outcomes and highlight their significance.

If your technical report includes recommendations for action. You could choose to report these as a bullet point list. When giving an answer to your problem, be sure to include any limitations to your findings.

Your recommendations can be presented in two ways:

• Action statements e.g. Type approval should be issued for tunnel ventilation fans.
• Conditional statements e.g. If fan blades are painted with an anti-corrosion coating system, it is likely that… e.g. The research has found that the fan hub should be constructed from forged steel and the fan housing should be constructed from hot dipped galvanised steel, but future research…

Acknowledge all the information and ideas you’ve incorporated from other sources into your paper using a consistent referencing style. This includes data, tables and figures. Learn more about specific referencing conventions here: https://library.unimelb.edu.au/recite

If you have data that is too detailed or lengthy to include in the report itself, include it in the appendix. Your reader can then choose to refer to it if they are interested. Label your appendix with a number or a letter, a title, and refer to it the text, e.g. For a full list of construction phases, see Appendix A.

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