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Report del 2 gennaio 2023

Una puntata di Report da non perdere e capire le responsabilità sia per quanto riguardano i decessi da covid che di quanto accaduto dopo l’inchiesta  sulle stragi del ’92-’93.

Una puntata che ovrà bisogno di risposte serie dalle istituzioni alle domande fatte sui rapporti tra Stato, mafia, massoneria, gladio, killer, terroristi…

Tratto da Report

Destabilizzare l’Italia

Cosa è accaduto dopo l’inchiesta di Report sulle stragi del ’92-’93

Trasmissione intera

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Report, anticipazioni ed argomenti di questa sera

Prima puntata dell'anno per il programma condotto da Sigfrido Ranucci. Le inchieste del 2 gennaio 2023 sono: "Stato d'onore", "La grande truffa" e "La buona scuola"

Prima puntata del 2023 di  “Report” che, condotto da Sigfrido Renucci, presenta tre inchieste su argomenti di varia natura: la scoperta di nuovi segreti inerenti alle stragi mafiose dei primi anni '90; la truffa della regione Veneto in tempi di Covid-19; il sorprendente (e vincente) sistema scolastico finlandese.

Report: le anticipazioni del 2 gennaio

La prima inchiesta della serata è "Stato d'onore". Firmata da Paolo Mondani con la collaborazione dei Roberto Persia ha come tema le stragi del 1992 e del 1993 in Italia. Vicende che ancora oggi presentano nuove figure e particolari inediti: per la prima volta emerge l’informativa redatta da Gianfranco Cavallo, all’epoca capitano dei carabinieri. Qui si sottolinea la figura di Stefano delle Chiaie a Capaci, in cerca di esplosivo. Perchè la presenza di questo uomo non è mai stata approfondita dai carabinieri?

La seconda inchiesta della serata è “La grande truffa”, realizzata da Danilo Procaccianti con la collaborazione di Andrea Tornago. Durante la pandemia per Covid-19 in Veneto ci sono stati 1600 morti in più rispetto alla media nazionale. La regione era solita utilizzare i tamponi rapidi nonostante l'Oms avesse indicato altri metodi. "Report" aveva realizzato lo scorso anno un servizio inerente a questa vicenda e, successivamente, la procura di Padova si e mossa chiedendo il rinvio a giudizio del dottor Roberto Rigoli, che durante la seconda fase della pandemia aveva preso il posto del professor Crisanti. Tra intercettazioni e appalti milionari, cosa è accaduto?

L'odierna puntata di "Report" si chiude con “La buona scuola”, realizzato da Lucia Paternesi con la collaborazione di Giulia Sabella. Focus sul sistema scolastico in Finlandia, dove gli studenti non sono sottoposti nè ad interrogazioni nè ad esami e viene invece concessa loro grande libertà di muoversi in base a personali predisposizioni e vocazioni. Risultato: gli studenti finlandesi sono ai primi posti per quanto riguarda la lettura, la matematica e le scienze. In che modo un umile paese rurale si è trasformato in un territorio all'avanguardia?

Dove vederlo questa sera in tv e in streaming (2 gennaio 2023)

La prima puntata dell'anno di “Report” va in onda oggi, 2 gennaio, su Rai 3 a partire dalle 21.25 ed è inoltre visibile sulla piattaforma Raiplay, sia in diretta streaming che on demand.

© Riproduzione riservata

• anticipazioni tv

Report, le anticipazioni e gli argomenti di questa sera

Report, argomenti e anticipazioni della puntata di questa sera, in evidenza.

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Report: le anticipazioni della puntata di stasera, 2 gennaio 2023, su Rai 3

Report: anticipazioni della puntata, in onda stasera 2 gennaio 2023 su Rai 3

Questa sera, lunedì 2 gennaio 2023, va in onda in prima serata una puntata di Report , il programma d’inchieste giornalistiche in onda su Rai 3 e condotto da Sigfrido Ranucci. Tanti gli argomenti affrontati anche in questa puntata, a partire dalle ore 21,20. Di seguito le anticipazioni e i servizi della puntata di Report, in onda lunedì 2 gennaio 2023 su Rai 3.

I servizi e le inchieste di stasera

Le stragi del 1992 e del 1993 in Italia: ancora oggi emergono altri protagonisti, a lungo rimasti insospettabili, e uomini che per anni hanno scelto il silenzio. Ed è sempre più evidente come nelle stragi di quegli anni ci sia la mano di mandanti esterni. Report, il programma condotto da Sigfrido Ranucci in onda questa sera, lunedì 2 gennaio alle 21.25 su Rai 3, torna a occuparsene con “Stato d’onore”, un reportage di Paolo Mondani con la collaborazione dei Roberto Persia che, per la prima volta, mostra l’informativa redatta dall’allora capitano dei carabinieri Gianfranco Cavallo, dove si segnalava la presenza di Stefano delle Chiaie a Capaci in cerca di esplosivo, poco prima della strage. Una informazione dal grande valore investigativo, ma incredibilmente non approfondita dai carabinieri. Come mai?

Solo oggi, rileggendo la storia, si comprende come – per individuare i responsabili dietro gli anni più bui della nostra Repubblica – occorra tenere in considerazione gli elementi ricorrenti di un sistema al cui interno operavano uomini della destra eversiva, massoni, uomini dello Stato e mafiosi. Non è storia vecchia, oggi che la legislazione messa a punto per combattere la mafia da Falcone e Borsellino viene messa a dura prova e da ogni lato si moltiplicano i tentativi di riscrivere il periodo stragista e i suoi responsabili.

Obiettivo anche sul Covid in Veneto con “La grande truffa” di Danilo Procaccianti con la collaborazione di Andrea Tornago. Nella regione, durante la seconda ondata della pandemia, è accaduto il disastro: ci sono stati 1600 morti in più rispetto alla media nazionale. Cosa è successo? Avevano puntato tutto sui tamponi rapidi, era il test di riferimento anche per gli operatori sanitari e per le Rsa, contrariamente alle indicazioni dell’Oms e anche a uno studio del professor Crisanti.

Dopo l’inchiesta di Report dello scorso anno si è mossa la procura di Padova e ha chiesto il rinvio a giudizio di quello che per il governatore Zaia era l’Elon Musk del Veneto, il dottor Roberto Rigoli: sostanzialmente nella gestione della seconda fase della pandemia aveva preso il posto del professor Crisanti come braccio destro di Luca Zaia. I magistrati scoprono che a giustificare appalti milionari per i tamponi rapidi, ci sarebbero attestazioni scientifiche false. Nel corso delle indagini spuntano anche intercettazioni imbarazzanti.

Si chiude con “La buona scuola” di Lucia Paternesi, con la collaborazione di Giulia Sabella. In Finlandia, nessun compito in classe, né interrogazioni o esami. Gli alunni sono liberi di uscire dall’aula, leggere libri o fare progetti manuali in base alle proprie vocazioni. E i risultati si vedono: secondo il programma “Pisa” dell’Ocse gli studenti finlandesi sono ai primi posti per quanto riguarda la lettura, la matematica e le scienze.

Pochissimi i fondi europei investiti, mentre la quota di Pil dedicata all’istruzione è quasi il doppio rispetto all’Italia, il 5% contro il nostro 2,9%. È questo il successo del sistema educativo e scolastico della Finlandia? In parte, ma non solo. Un viaggio nelle scuole migliori del paese per raccontare come, in appena cento anni, la Finlandia si è trasformata da Paese rurale e povero in un paese all’avanguardia e tecnologico, dove trovano lavoro i cervelli italiani in fuga e dove ha trovato casa il primo preside italiano. Report vi aspetta questa sera, lunedì 2 gennaio 2023, in prima serata dalle ore 21,20 su  Rai 3.

• LANCIO D'AGENZIA

RAI 3 – “ REPORT “ * PUNTATA 2 GENNAIO 2023, « IL MODELLO VENETO COVID, “GUERRA DEI TAMPONI” TRA CRISANTI E ZAIA E LE INTERCETTAZIONI DEL GOVERNATORE » RIVEDI / REPLAY / REPLICA – (VIDEO INTEGRALE)

Le stragi del 1992 e del 1993 in Italia: ancora oggi emergono altri protagonisti, a lungo rimasti insospettabili, e uomini che per anni hanno scelto il silenzio. Ed è sempre più evidente come nelle stragi di quegli anni ci sia la mano di mandanti esterni. Un reportage che, per la prima volta, mostra l’informativa redatta dall’allora capitano dei carabinieri Gianfranco Cavallo, dove si segnalava la presenza di Stefano delle Chiaie a Capaci in cerca di esplosivo, poco prima della strage. Una informazione dal grande valore investigativo, ma incredibilmente non approfondita dai carabinieri. Come mai? Solo oggi, rileggendo la storia, si comprende come – per individuare i responsabili dietro gli anni più bui della nostra Repubblica – occorra tenere in considerazione gli elementi ricorrenti di un sistema al cui interno operavano uomini della destra eversiva, massoni, uomini dello Stato e mafiosi.

A seguire in Veneto nella regione che, durante la seconda ondata della pandemia, è accaduto il disastro: ci sono stati 1600 morti in più rispetto alla media nazionale. Cosa è successo? Avevano puntato tutto sui tamponi rapidi, era il test di riferimento anche per gli operatori sanitari e per le Rsa, contrariamente alle indicazioni dell’Oms e anche a uno studio del professor Crisanti. Si chiude con “La buona scuola”. In Finlandia, nessun compito in classe, né interrogazioni o esami. Gli alunni sono liberi di uscire dall’aula, leggere libri o fare progetti manuali in base alle proprie vocazioni. E i risultati si vedono: secondo il programma “Pisa” dell’Ocse gli studenti finlandesi sono ai primi posti per quanto riguarda la lettura, la matematica e le scienze. Pochissimi i fondi europei investiti, mentre la quota di Pil dedicata all’istruzione è quasi il doppio rispetto all’Italia, il 5% contro il nostro 2,9%. È questo il successo del sistema educativo e scolastico della Finlandia? Vai al titolo

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RAW Report 02-01-2023 – WWE

Benvenuti al consueto report di Monday Night RAW, lo show principale del lunedì sera targato World Wrestling Entertainment.

Come principali attrattive l’odierna puntata dello show rosso, la prima del 2023 , ci offre  due grandissimi incontri titolati,  dove  Austin Theory  è chiamato a difendere il suo  United States Championship  dall’assalto di  Seth “Freakin” Rollins , mentre  Bianca Belair  deve fare altrettanto con il  RAW Women’s Championship  che invece dovrà difendere contro  Alexa Bliss , nella quale sta tornando ad emergere la sua parte più oscura. A farvi compagnia, come di consueto, c’è il vostro amichevole Alex Bruno  di quartiere.

Contenuti dell'articolo

RAW Report 02-01-2022 – WWE

Qui potete ascoltare l’ultima puntata di Game Of RAW , il nostro podcast dedicato allo show rosso della WWE.

L’odierna puntata dello show rosso si apre con  la Bloodline che aggredisce degli addetti alla sicurezza , con  Solo Sikoa che ne scaglia uno oltre le barricate  mentre gli  Undisputed WWE Tag Team Champions Usos  e  Sami Zayn ribaltano il tavolo , promettendo che domineranno anche il 2023! A riportare un po’ di ordine ci pensa  Kevin Owens,  ma Zayn prova a zittirlo dicendogli che  quelli della famiglia samoana hanno preso il controllo di RAW e che non può farci nulla.

Il Prizefighter non si lascia intimorire e si dirige nel ring, ma a questo punto arriva  Adam Pearce  stufo marcio della Bloodline che fa il bello ed il cattivo tempo, ordinando agli addetti alla sicurezza di cacciare i membri del gruppo, i quali però  vengono tutti stesi da Solo Sikoa . Owens si dirige da solo nel ring, ma la situazione è a dir poco impari, tanto che in suo aiuto  accorre l’intero roster di Monday Night RAW . Pearce non permette la fuga della Bloodline, tanto che il dirigente dice loro che  saranno tutti impegnati in un match stanotte.

La visuale si sposta su  Byron Saxton , il quale intervista la  RAW Women’s Champion Bianca Belair  che è sicura di poter mantenere il titolo contro Alexa Bliss.

Dopo il primo break pubblicitario la visuale si sposta su  Adam Pearce  intento a scegliere chi affronterà i vari membri della Bloodline stanotte e sceglie:  Solo Sikoa vs Elias  in un  Music Street Fight  e  Usos e Sami Zayn vs Street Profits e Kevin Owens.

RAW WOMEN’S CHAMPIONSHIP MATCH: BIANCA BELAIR (c) VS ALEXA BLISS

Ma il primo match di questa puntata vede la  RAW Women’s Champion Bianca Belair  difendere il titolo dall’assalto di  Alexa Bliss.

La EST of WWE  riesce a mandare più volte al tappeto Alexa , ma quest’ultima con uno sguardo freddo incassa per poi  passare al contrattacco  spedendo la campionessa fuori dal ring. La Little Miss Bliss prova più volte un’Hurricanrana fuori dal ring, finendo però per  essere fatta sbattere contro la barricata . Dopo il break pubblicitario, invece, la Bliss  riesce a riprendere terreno  sebbene sia ancora costretta a subire i colpi della campionessa, prima di  far sbattere quest’ultima contro il paletto tra le corde.

Grazie a questa contromossa, Alexa  riesce piano piano a portare la situazione a suo favore  mettendo in seria difficoltà Bianca. La EST, nonostante la ripresa dell’avversaria, riesce a colpirla con un  Vertical Suplex . La moglie di Montez Ford sfodera anche il  Moonsault con tanto di rimbalzo alle corde , ma il recupero ha vita breve dato che  viene ancora spedita fuori dal ring da Alexa  e colpita con una  Senton dall’apron.  Dopo il break pubblicitario la situazione è la medesima di prima:  Alexa Bliss torna a mettere in seria difficoltà Bianca Belair.

Segue un veloce scambio di roll-up, poi Bianca prova il KOD prima di  ripiegare su un potentissimo Backbreaker . La EST sfodera diversi pugni all’angolo, ma Bliss  esce fuori dal ring e trascina Bianca con sé con la treccia . La Little Miss Bliss  ferma i suoi attacchi ogni volta che vede persone con la maschere di Uncle Howdy , perdendo il controllo  ogni volta che appare la falena di Bray Wyatt su titantron  ed arriva ad  attaccare sia l’arbitro che la campionessa .

La Bliss è così furiosa da  scagliare Bianca contro i gradoni d’acciaio , per poi colpirla con una  DDT . Su un’agonizzante Bianca Belair, Alexa Bliss  sfodera una seconda DDT  e se ne va. Il match, quindi,  termina in No Contest appena arriva la barella.

ESITO: NO CONTEST

Dopo il break pubblicitario, la regia ci mostra  il seguito di quanto visto in precedenza  con Bianca Belair che se ne va dolorante insieme al marito  Montez Ford.

La visuale si sposta su  Cathy Kelley intenta ad intervistare lo  United States Champion Austin Theory , il quale ha intenzione di  confermare il fatto che Seth Rollins è il passato  dopo che lo sconfiggerà.

MUSIC CITY STREET FIGHT: SOLO SIKOA VS ELIAS

Il secondo match di Monday Night RAW vede  Elias  e  Solo Sikoa  scontrarsi in un  Music City Street Fight.

I due  iniziano subito a combattersi , con lo Street Champion From the Island che  è costretto a bloccare l’avversario all’angolo  prima di attaccarlo selvaggiamente. Poco dopo Elias  scaglia Solo fuori dal ring , poi prova ad attaccarlo ma  viene bloccato al volo  e malmenato ripetutamente dal fratello minore degli Usos. Nonostante gli attacchi di Solo, Elias  si riprende attaccandolo con una campana  e subito dopo prova a fare altrettanto con la chitarra ma, dopo non esserci riuscito,  ripiega scagliandolo contro la batteria e colpendolo con un piatto.

Dopo il break pubblicitario, invece, Solo  scaglia il Drifer negli strumenti sullo stage . L’ex-NXT North American Champion  ripaga Elias scagliando anche lui contro la batteria , per poi  colpirlo con altri oggetti . Elias risponde  colpendo Solo con una tastiera , prima di  essere atterrato da un Samoan Drop . Il musicista, poco dopo,  sfodera altri colpi di tamburello e tastiera finendo però per  essere atterrato dallo Spinning Solo  del Samoano.

Il figlio di Rikishi, però,  viene colpito da un Spinebuster  e da altri colpi con il tamburello prima di  essere nuovamente scagliato fuori dal ring , dove Elias  ricorre alla sedia  e ad una chitarra  passatagli dal musicista Hardy . Il Drifter non riesce a colpire Solo con tale oggetto, dato che il Samoano  lo colpisce on un Superkick . Hardy, quindi,  interviene spaccando la chitarra sulla schiena di Solo  facendo solo infuriare questi.

Solo, però,  si distrae e viene colpito da un Knee Strike di Elias . Il Drifter prova a chiudere con una mossa dal paletto, stroncata con un  Samoan Spike seguita da uno  Spinning Solo su un pianoforte  che vale la vittoria a Sikoa.

VINCITORE: SOLO SIKOA

Six man tag team match: kevin owens e street profits (angelo dawkins e montez ford) vs the bloodline (sami zayn, jimmy e jey uso).

Il prossimo match di RAW vede Kevin Owens  far squadra con gli  Street Profits  per affrontare la  Bloodline.

Il match ha inizio dopo il break pubblicitario, ma non prima di  una rissa tra i sei.  Poco dopo danno inizio alle danze  Angelo Dawkins  e  Jimmy Uso , con il primo che  riesce a dominare sul secondo senza il minimo sforzo  praticamente. Dawkins cede poi il passo a  Montez Ford , il quale è però parecchio assente per quanto successo in precedenza. Una volta che Dawkins torna l’uomo legale, questi subisce l’offensiva combinata di Jimmy, “Main Event” Jey Uso e Sami Zayn . La situazione sembra tornare a favore dei buoni grazie a  Kevin Owens , almeno prima che anche questi  soccomba ai tre della Bloodline.

Dopo il break pubblicitario la situazione non cambia più di tanto, dato che  Jey Uso domina incontrastato su Owens  e questi  è costretto poi a  dare il tag a Ford . Il marito di Bianca Belair, quindi,  inizia a sfoderare tutta la rabbia incamerata  dopo quanto successo alla moglie, colpendo Jimmy Uso e Samy Zayn con un Crossbody  per poi colpire il secondo anche con un  Moonsault di rimbalzo . Non contento, Ford va a segno anche con una  Frog Splash  sull’ Honorary Uce anche se lo schienamento  viene interrotto da Jey Uso . Mentre Dawkins  si sbarazza di Jey , Ford  atterra sia Jimmy che Sami con un Dive.

Nel frattempo arriva anche  Solo Sikoa , il quale  si sbarazza di Angelo Dawkins e Kevin Owens . Con entrambi i partner KO, Ford è costretto a capitolare all’ Helluva Kick  di Sami Zayn.

VINCITORI: THE BLOODLINE

Nel post-match  quelli della Bloodline aggrediscono Kevin Owens , ma in aiuto di questi  arrivano Sheamus e Drew McIntyre  di  Friday Night SmackDown . McIntyre e Sheamus  si sbarazzano dei vari membri della Bloodline  in poco tempo.

Dopo il break pubblicitario, la regia ci aggiorna sulla  Royal Rumble  e sull’infortunio di  AJ Styles  in un  Live Event.

SINGLES MATCH: DEXTER LUMIS VS CHAD GABLE (w/OTIS)

Il prossimo match di RAW, invece, vede  Chad Gable  affrontare  Dexter Lumis.

Il Tortured Artist  inizia a terrorizzare Gable , per poi  attaccarlo con un Lou Thesz Press . Dopo che Lumis si è distratto fissando Lumis, l’American Alpha  dà inizio ad un feroce contrattacco  grazie al quale riesce a ribaltare la situazione in poco tempo. L’ex-atleta di IMPACT Wrestling, nonostante questa controffensiva di Gable,  non perde il controllo  e piano piano inizia a recuperare, prima di  incassare un German Suplex  ed  essere fatto sbattere contro il paletto.

Dopo  aver evitato un potenziale attacco di Otis , Lumis prova la Silence ma non riuscendo ad eseguirla  ricorre ad un roll-up che gli vale la vittoria.

VINCITORE: DEXTER LUMIS

La regia manda in onda un filmato dedicato a  Cody Rhodes,  più precisamente sul ritorno a WrestleMania 38.

La visuale si sposta sulle  Damage CTRL, le quali dopo il break pubblicitario fanno il loro trionfale ingresso all’arena.  Bayley  prende la parola e, dopo aver insultato il pubblico, afferma di  essere più che contenta dell’iniziare l’anno insieme alle WWE Women’s Tag Team Champions Dakota Kai ed IYO SKY . La Role Model inizia subito a provocare  Becky Lynch , con quest’ultima che  arriva non appena viene chiamata in causa ed ordina alla leader delle Damage CTRL di zittirsi.

The Man  definisce l’ex-Hugger come una codarda ed una bugiarda , per poi  iniziare a punzecchiare le Damage CTRL  suggerendo un possibile tradimento di qualcuna di loro, visto che Bayley  è l’unica senza cintura.  Big Time Becks  vuole un match uno contro uno con la Role Model , la quale rifiuta come da programma  beccandosi dei fischi . Bayley  suggerisce un match di coppia tra Dakota ed IYO e Becky , ma quest’ultima opta  per un Handicap Match.

TAG TEAM MATCH MATCH: BECKY LYNCH ED UNA PARTNER MISTERIOSA VS DAMAGE CTRL (DAKOTA KAI ED IYO SKY) (w/BAYLEY)

Tale match ha inizio dopo il break pubblicitario, con  Becky Lynch  che inizia a dominare su  IYO SKY  senza particolari problemi. Nonostante questo breve dominio iniziale, Big Time Becks  è costretta comunque a subire dei colpi in inferiorità numerica  sia dentro che fuori dal ring. Becky  viene fatta sbattere più volte contro il paletto.

A questo punto, però,  arriva “Michin” Mia Yim  in aiuto di Becky Lynch rivelandosi come  l’alleata di The Man.  La rappresentate dell’ O.C.  riesce a ribaltare la situazione, portandola a favore suo e di The Man. Dopo il break pubblicitario, invece, Yim  viene colpita da uno Scorpion Kick  di Kai e poco dopo bloccata nella Crossface  di SKY. Michin  riesce a dare il tag a Becky , la quale  colpisce Kai e la fa sbattere contro la barricata e facendo altrettanto anche con SKY.

Lynch e Yim sfoderano un  Double Superplex  su  Dakota Kai, poi Mia Yim  prova a schienare Kai  ma non ci riesce per colpa di Bayley. L’ex-IMPACT Wrestling va a segno con il  Protect Ya Neck  su Kai, finendo però vittima del  Moonsault  di SKY che vale la vittoria alle Damage CTRL.

VINCITRICI: DAMAGE CTRL

La visuale si sposta su Cathy Kelley  intenta ad intervistare  Seth “Freakin” Rollins , il quale afferma che stanotte riuscirà a sconfiggere  Austin Theory  nel suo show.

Dopo il break pubblicitario, la regia inquadra  Jimmie Hallen .

La visuale si sposta su  Byron Saxton  che prova ad intervistare  Alexa Bliss , la quale afferma che il  RAW Women’s Championship appartiene a lei  dopo quanto successo ad inizio serata.

Un altro cambio di visuale ha come protagonista  Dominik Mysterio , il quale è pronto a rifarsi dopo l’arresto e definisce  Rhea Ripley  la sua  “Mamacita”.

Dopo il break pubblicitario, la regia manda in onda un filmato dedicato a  Bronson Reed.

Come direbbe Mark Henry:  “It’s look like we had enough talk… IT’S TIIIIIIIME FOR THE MAAAAAAIN EVENT” !

UNITED STATES CHAMPIONSHIP MATCH: AUSTIN THEORY (c) VS SETH “FREAKIN” ROLLINS

Ed il main event di questa puntata di  RAW vede lo  United States Champion Austin Theory  difendere il titolo dall’assalto di  Seth “Freakin” Rollins.

Con tutto il pubblico dalla parte del Messiah, che  canta incessantemente la sua theme song , il match può avere ufficialmente inizio. Theory prova subito a bloccare Rollins con un’Headlock, ma questi si libera e  sfodera una Slingblade , per poi  scagliare l’avversario fuori dal ring  e farlo  sbattere contro la barricata  fino a culminare con un  Knee Strike dall’apron  ed  uno dal tavolo dei commentatori . Dopo il break pubblicitario, Rollins  continua a dominare incontrastato su Theory.

The Visionary ricorre anche al suo patentato  Springboard Knee Strike , ma poco dopo Theory passa al contrattacco con un  Dropkick . L’ex-protetto di Vince McMahon  recupera con estrema brutalità , colpendo violentemente Rollins all’angolo per poi  scagliarlo contro l’angolo . La battaglia tra Theory e Rollins  vede sempre più il primo dominare , sebbene incontri qualche difficoltà. Austin Theory, dopo aver  scagliato l’avversario fuori dal ring ,  lancia Rollins oltre il tavolo dei commentatori  e dopo avergli mostrato il titolo  continua a malmenarlo.

Dopo il break pubblicitario, invece, la battaglia  torna ad essere molto più equilibrata  ed in breve tempo  Rollins torna in pieno controllo , tanto da sfoderare un Suicide Dive . Rollins prova il Pedigree ma, non riuscendoci, dopo un po’ decide di ricorrere ad un  Backbreaker . Theory evita una Buckle Bomb ed una Falcon Arrow, oltre che ad uscire da un roll-up. Il campione US, però, finisce per subire un  Superplex  prima di sfoderare a sua volta una  Ushigoroshi per stroncare la Falcon Arrow. Theory prova l’A-Town Down, ma tale mossa viene evitata da Rollins ed i due  si atterrano reciprocamente dopo diversi colpi.

Una volta rialzati, i due continuano con la loro furiosa battaglia fino ad un tentativo di Curb Stomp  evitato da Theory all’ultimo . Il giovane atleta  preferisce darsi alla fuga con tanto di titolo , ma Rollins  lo prende all’ultimo e lo riporta nel ring , per poi colpirlo con una  Frog Splash . Theory  fa mettere KO l’arbitro da Rollins , il quale poi colpisce il campione degli Stati Uniti con il  Pedigree  ma ancora non è abbastanza.

Il Messiah riprova lo Stomp, ma Theory  risponde con un Low Blow  seguito dall’ A-Town Down  decisiva.

VINCITORE ED ANCORA CAMPIONE: AUSTIN THEORY

TOMORROW on #WWERaw 🇺🇸 @_Theory1 defends the #USTitle against @WWERollins 👊 @BiancaBelairWWE defends the Raw Women’s Championship against @AlexaBliss_WWE 📺 8/7c on @USA_Network pic.twitter.com/a9esTFmcgx — WWE (@WWE) January 2, 2023

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January 2023 Global Climate Report

• Monthly Report
• Summary Info
• Monthly Briefings

Additional Resources

Temperature and precipitation maps, temperature anomalies time series, supplemental material.

• 2023 Year-to-Date Temperatures Versus Previous Years
• Global Annual Temperature Rankings Outlook
• Mean Monthly Temperature Records Across the Globe
• Monthly Temperature Anomalies Versus El Niño

Temperature

Coinciding with the release of the January 2023 Global Climate Report, the NOAA Global Surface Temperature (NOAAGlobalTemp) dataset version 5.1.0 replaced version 5.0.0. This new version includes complete global coverage and an extension of the data record back in time an additional 30 years to January 1850. While anomalies and ranks might differ slightly from what was reported previously, the main conclusions regarding global climate change are very similar to the previous version. Please see our Commonly Asked Questions Document and web story for additional information.

NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information calculates the global temperature anomaly every month based on preliminary data generated from authoritative datasets of temperature observations from around the globe. The major dataset, NOAAGlobalTemp version 5.1.0 , updated in 2023, uses comprehensive data collections of increased global area coverage over both land and ocean surfaces. NOAAGlobalTempv5.1.0 is a reconstructed dataset, meaning that the entire period of record is recalculated each month with new data. Based on those new calculations, the new historical data can bring about updates to previously reported values. These factors, together, mean that calculations from the past may be superseded by the most recent data and can affect the numbers reported in the monthly climate reports. The most current reconstruction analysis is always considered the most representative and precise of the climate system, and it is publicly available through Climate at a Glance .

January 2023

January 2023 was the seventh-warmest January for the globe in NOAA's 174-year record. The January global surface temperature was 1.57°F (0.87°C) above the 20th-century average of 53.6°F (12.0°C). January 2023 marked the 47th consecutive January and the 527th consecutive month with global temperatures, at least nominally, above the 20th-century average.

Warmer-than-average conditions were observed across most of Europe and the Arctic, much of Africa and northern and eastern North America, and across parts of southern South America and northwestern, central, and southeastern Asia. Sea surface temperatures were above average across much of the northern, western and southwestern Pacific and the Atlantic. Parts of southern South America, the southern and eastern central Atlantic, central Europe, and the southern Indian Ocean experienced record-warm temperatures this month. Overall, record warm temperatures covered nearly 4% of the world's surface this month.

Temperatures were near- to cooler-than-average throughout much of Oceania, Antarctica, and Greenland, as well as across parts of northeastern and southwestern Asia, southwestern North America, and northern and central South America. Sea surface temperatures were below average over much of the south-central, central, and eastern tropical Pacific and much of the central and southeastern Indian Ocean. Less than 0.6% of the world's surface experienced a record-cold January this month.

January 2023 in the Northern Hemisphere ranked fifth warmest on record at 1.28°C (2.30°F) above average. Northern Hemisphere ocean temperatures ranked third warmest (tied with 2022) for January, while land-only temperatures ranked sixth warmest. Following a similar pattern, ocean temperatures in the Southern Hemisphere ranked eighth warmest on record, while land-only temperatures in the southern hemisphere were 0.03°C (0.05°F) cooler than average. Combined, the Southern Hemisphere surface temperature this month ranked 22nd warmest on record (tied with 1977 and 2011).

A smoothed map of blended land and sea surface temperature anomalies is also available.

This January, Europe had an unusually mild month that set a record for the warmest January on record. Europe's surface temperature exceeded the previous January record set in 2007 by 0.16°C (0.28°F).

• January in Austria was 4.0°C above average in the lowlands and 1.6°C above average in the mountains.
• In the Netherlands , January 2023 was 1.2°C above average according to measurements at De Bilt Observatory.
• Belgium recorded a temperature this month that was 1.5°C warmer than the long-term average.
• Latvia, in addition to experiencing its 3rd-wettest January this month, recorded an average temperature 2.4°C above the long-term average.
• January in Estonia followed a similar wet and warm pattern this month to its southern neighbor. Rainfall was 137% of the average, while temperatures were 2.0°C above the long-term average.
• Across the Baltic Sea, Denmark followed a similar pattern. Average temperature this January in Denmark was ninth warmest on record at 2.2°C above the climate normal. It was also the wettest January ever recorded since records began in 1874.
• January 2023 in Norway was 1.2°C above average.
• Italy ranked 11th warmest on record for January at 0.96°C above average.
• Mean temperatures across the United Kingdom, for January were slightly above average at 0.4°C above the 1991-2020 average for the month.
• In Ireland, all mean air temperatures across the country were above their long-term averages for the month, ranging from 0.1°C warmer than average in Cork to 1.3°C warmer than average in Dublin.

North America recorded its fifth-warmest January on record. Africa recorded its sixth-warmest January.

• The Hawaiian region tied a 1941 record for its warmest January on record.
• The contiguous U.S. had its sixth-warmest January on record. Seven states in the northeastern U.S.—New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Jersey and Maine—had their warmest January on record.

Although both Oceania and Asia experienced a warmer-than-average January, it did not rank among either of their top 20 warmest on record.

• January 2023 was overall warmer than average in Hong Kong at 0.5°C above average.
• Pakistan reported a January temperature that was 1.25°C below average.
• New Zealand recorded its 10th-warmest January on record with a temperature 1.2°C above the 1991-2020 January average.
• Meanwhile, Australia, while 35% wetter than average, had a January temperature equal to the long term average for the month.

500 mb maps

In the atmosphere, 500-millibar height pressure anomalies correlate well with temperatures at the Earth's surface. The average position of the upper-level ridges of high pressure and troughs of low pressure—depicted by positive and negative 500-millibar height anomalies on the map—is generally reflected by areas of positive and negative temperature anomalies at the surface, respectively.

Precipitation

The maps shown below represent precipitation percent of normal (left, using a base period of 1961–1990) and precipitation percentiles (right, using the period of record) based on the GHCN dataset of land surface stations.

Above-average January precipitation was observed across parts of northeastern and inland eastern U.S., the central and southern coast of the western U.S., eastern Europe, central Asia and eastern Oceania. Auckland, New Zealand recorded its wettest month on record since 1853. In the U.S., nine back-to-back atmospheric rivers pummeled California with heavy rain and snow, which brought a total of 32 trillion gallons of precipitation to the state this January. Meanwhile, drier-than-average conditions were present throughout much of Mexico, from the U.S. Pacific Northwest to southern Canada, and across parts of eastern, southern and western Asia.

Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP)

The following analysis is based upon the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) Interim Climate Data Record. It is provided courtesy of the GPCP Principal Investigator team at the University of Maryland.

January Highlights:

• Although seemingly weakening, the ongoing La Niña continued to strongly affect tropical precipitation patterns from Asia and Australia to South America.
• Floods in Saudi Arabia, New Zealand and Madagascar were easily linked to significant monthly wet anomalies.
• Atmospheric Rivers (ARs) and cyclones again this month eliminated the typical La Niña precipitation pattern in western North America, and were associated with California floods, heavy snows in the Sierras and additional drought relief in the western U.S.
• Warm temperatures and lack of snow were evident in the eastern U.S. and western Europe.

January is at the center of Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter and Southern Hemisphere (NH) summer, and its monthly precipitation features are pushed far to the south (see top panel in left figure), with the narrow intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) across the central and eastern Pacific Ocean barely staying to the north of the Equator. The South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) extended southeastward from the Maritime Continent into mid-ocean, and in the Indian Ocean most rainfall is south of the Equator. Over Africa, Australasia and South America, the seasonal rain also shifted far to the south. At higher latitudes, the precipitation patterns also seasonally shifted southward and brought mid-latitude cyclonic systems to lower latitudes over North America and Europe.

In addition to these seasonal shifts, large-scale climate variations related to inter-annual-scale changes such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) combined with weather-scale events during the month to achieve the monthly total map, which at first glance always looks similar to the monthly climatology. However, relatively small differences are often related to drought, floods and other noticeable differences. For this January, the anomalies (from the January climatology) seen in the figure to the left (middle and bottom panels) still reflect the ongoing La Niña, at least across most of the tropics. The continuing relatively low Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) over the central-eastern Pacific along the Equator defining the current La Niña conditions have moderated somewhat, indicating a weakening La Niña circulation and perhaps a change in the distribution of rainfall anomalies this month. The La Niña is generally forecast to continue weakening over the next few months, so the stranglehold of this phenomenon on the global distribution of precipitation may change. The figure below to the right (top panel) is a composite anomaly map for La Niña Januarys during the GPCP period (1979-2021), while the bottom panel of the figure is a repeat of the precipitation anomaly map for this past month.

Across the tropics, at least from the Maritime Continent and Australia eastward across the tropical Pacific and through the northern half of South America, it is clear that the La Niña composite was strongly positively correlated with current January anomaly map—the La Niña was the dominating force driving the circulation pattern and the resulting rainfall anomalies. As in the composite, a strong negative or dry anomaly was centered on the Equator near and surrounding 180° longitude. The negative feature stretched to the east along the ITCZ in both maps, with an extension to the southeast, indicating a westward shift to the SPCZ.

To the west, an area of highly variable, but generally positive anomalies, was present over the Maritime Continent and surrounding areas, and across Australia and to the east to the westward shift of the SPCZ. The strong positive "blotches" across this area had much higher anomaly values (> 4 mm/d) as compared to the composite. These higher values reflect the superposition of weather-scale events onto the general La Niña circulation. One of these weather-scale events was Tropical Storm Ellie, which hit northwestern Australia early in the month. Near continuous non-cyclone tropical systems came across the Philippine Islands during the month, and caused severe flooding, landslides, and 38 deaths. Northern Sumatra and Indonesia also experienced heavy rains and floods. To the east of Australia, multiple wet features were evident in the westward-shifted SPCZ, with one extending southward to cover the North Island of New Zealand. In late January, more than 250 mm hit the city of Auckland one day, causing severe flooding and even canceling an Elton John concert.

Extending east and west from this central La Niña territory, northern South America for this January resembled the composite. The rest of the continent did not; heavy rains in southern Brazil did not match the La Niña model. To the west over the Indian Ocean, there was also a weak or non-existent match, but Tropical Cyclone Cheneso hit Madagascar after a trek across the South Indian Ocean, where it caused landslides and flooding, and later flooding in Zambia, that may have a La Niña connection.

Moving northeast of Africa, a close scrutiny of the figure to the left above (top panel) shows a relatively weak monthly precipitation feature surrounding the Persian Gulf, which shows as a positive anomaly (middle panel) covering essentially all of the Arabian Peninsula. This shows up even stronger in the percentage anomaly map (bottom panel). This area, a sub-tropical desert peninsula, experienced significant rain (more than 200m) during a short period early in the month which produced unusual flooding in Riyadh and other areas.

For North America, the La Niña composite (figure right and above, top panel) indicates that drier-than-normal conditions should have been expected over much of the U.S. and Mexico, but the observed pattern (bottom panel) this month (and December) deviated strongly from that expectation. While Mexico and the south-central U.S. were drier, to the north a feature of above-normal precipitation was evident from off the central west coast of the U.S., across most of the country, with a band of below-average precipitation across Canada, and a "wet" band across Alaska. The positive anomaly was associated with Atmospheric Rivers (ARs) and cyclonic storms hitting northern California and surrounding areas with very heavy precipitation events primarily in the first half of the month and producing floods over large areas and tremendous snowfall in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Snowfall in the Rocky Mountains was also affected positively. These rains at lower elevations and substantial snowpack buildup at higher elevations should ameliorate drought conditions in the short-term, although long-term impact is more open to question. In the eastern U.S, overall precipitation was near normal, but there was an obvious lack of snow, due to above-average temperatures.

Western Europe was also relatively dry and warm, which added to their general drought conditions and, as in the eastern U.S., a lack of snow. To the north and east, Scandinavia was relatively wet and that feature extended into central Asia, while southern Asia was typically dry, as expected in this season.

Drought in January 2023

Drought information is based on global drought indicators available at the Global Drought Information System website, and media reports summarized by the National Drought Mitigation Center.

January Highlights: Beneficial precipitation fell across parts of the drought areas in Europe and the Americas during January 2023, but the month was drier than normal over other parts of the drought-plagued agricultural lands of North America as well as parts of Africa and Asia. Much of the world's agricultural lands were still suffering from low soil moisture and groundwater levels, with evaporative stress high for this time of year in areas of the lower latitudes and Southern Hemisphere. The afflicted areas include the Canadian Prairies, Great Plains of the United States, Brazil and Argentina in South America, Western Europe, eastern China, and northern and East Africa. Like the last three months, of the continents, Australia seems to be in the best shape.

Much of Europe was warmer and wetter than normal during January 2023, with the month ranking as the warmest January continent-wide in the 114-year NCEI record. The last 3 months have been generally near or wetter than normal with the European Combined Drought Indicator showing drought only locally in southern and eastern parts of the continent. But longer-term dryness remains, as the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) shows dry conditions at 6- to 36-month time scales. The excessive heat during much of 2022 has the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) showing even more severe dryness at those long-term time scales, especially in southern to central Europe. Satellite-based (GRACE) indicators of groundwater and soil moisture reveal the impacts of drought lingering across much of the continent with low groundwater and soil moisture levels still evident. According to media reports (Reuters), Europe's mild winter and sparse snow cover and rainfall have some concerned that the region will be more susceptible to drought, reduced hydropower generation potential and possible logistical difficulties on key waterways later in the year. This follows from a report by The Independent that groundwater levels in Europe have not risen significantly since the summer months of 2018 and 2019 when a severe water shortage affected Central Europe.

In Asia, parts of southern to eastern China, and parts of western Asia, were drier and warmer than normal during January 2023, while large parts of northern and eastern Siberia were drier than normal. The SPI revealed persistent, widespread, and severe dryness across western to central Asia, from Turkey to the Uzbekistan region, for the last 2 months to 3 years. Unusually warm temperatures during this period caused the SPEI to show even more severe drought over a wider area spanning a longer period (last 2 months to 4 years). Above-normal temperatures over southern Asia to eastern China increased evapotranspiration (as seen in the Evaporative Stress Index, or ESI), which exacerbated the dry conditions in China. The SPI and SPEI reflect drought conditions in parts of southeast to eastern China at the 1- to 6-month time scales. GRACE data revealed widespread low groundwater and soil moisture across much of China and southwest to central Asia. Media reports noted that, in Turkey, water levels on Lake Sapanca have receded to 40 meters, setting off alarms in Sakarya, where the lake is the main drinking water source, and in Kocaeli. The lake, being one of the few lakes in Turkey that provides drinking water to the two big cities, has been affected by drought and increased urbanization.

January was drier than normal across the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts of Africa (from Sub-Saharan Africa to Egypt) and over central to East Africa. Above-normal temperatures across much of this region increased evapotranspiration and exacerbated the drought conditions. Drought is indicated, especially for East Africa and northwest Africa (the Maghreb region), at 1-month to 4-year time scales by the SPI but more notably by the SPEI. GRACE data reveal that the prolonged drought has taken its toll on groundwater and soil moisture levels, which are very low across these regions and in central Africa. The satellite-based Vegetation Health Index (VHI) shows poor vegetative health in East Africa and northwest coastal Africa. According to media reports (Reuters), "Three years of drought have dried up Tunisian reservoirs, threatening harvests that are critical to the North African country's battered economy and pushing the government to raise tap water prices for homes and businesses. Since September only 110 million cubic meters of rain fell in Tunisia, about a fifth of the normal rate, and officials in the farmers union and the main trade union warn that grain crops will suffer - adding to existing problems of food supply. Dams are only at 25% of their capacity and some dams have only 10%. As climate change has accelerated, bringing blistering heat across the Mediterranean region in recent summers, winter rains have repeatedly diminished in North Africa, causing problems for agriculture from Morocco to Tunisia." The New York Times noted that, in Tunisia, the old life of pressing olives and herding sheep is faltering in the face of relentless drought. AfricaNews noted that, in the Horn of Africa, Ethiopia, Somalia and Kenya are enduring the worst drought in four decades as rainy seasons have failed since 2020. Nomadic herders no longer have their livestock and would face starvation if it were not for humanitarian aid.

Low soil moisture is evident in some parts of southwest and eastern Australia, as seen in GRACE data and on Australian Bureau of Meteorology analyses; the GRACE data show low groundwater levels in western Australia; and VHI data indicate some stressed vegetation in some areas. Longer time scale (12-month and longer) SPI and SPEI indicators, and the Australian Combined Drought Indicator analyses , reveal some dryness in parts of northern Australia. But with much of Australia cooler and wetter than normal during January and the last several months, drought is not an issue on the continent.

Much of the northern half of South America, and parts of Argentina, received above-normal precipitation during January, but extreme southern South America and central areas continued drier than normal. January temperatures were above normal, enhancing evapotranspiration across much of the continent. The most extreme short-term (1- to 3-month) dryness, as seen on the SPI and SPEI indicators, occurred across extreme southern Argentina, parts of Chile, and from northern Argentina and southern Brazil to Peru and western Brazil. Dryness in these areas extended to longer time scales, especially from the last 1 to 3 years. GRACE data revealed low groundwater and soil moisture and VHI data indicated stressed vegetation. Drought in southern and western Brazil was confirmed on the Brazilian Drought Monitor . According to media reports (MercoPress): "More than 60% of the Uruguayan territory is suffering from extreme or severe drought in the last three months, October 2022-January 2023, according to the Uruguayan Meteorological Institute, Inumet. Inumet reported this week that 'the whole of Uruguay's territory is under conditions of drought, in the period extending from 11 October to 10 January.'" The drought in Uruguay has affected farming production, leading to about $1.17 billion in losses or 1.9 per cent of the country's GDP, the Agriculture Ministry said. A more detailed analysis showed agriculture suffered losses of $490 million, livestock $440 million, and dairy $100 million, according to Xinhua news agency. The Buenos Aires Times reported that Argentina has lost half of its seasonal soybean harvest in the main production area, the 'pampa humeda' in the center of the country, due to drought, per the Rosario Stock Exchange. The country has faced three straight years of drought. Further north, the Amazon rainforest is being affected by drought and human activities. According to CNN: "The Amazon rainforest is nearing a critical tipping point as forest fires, habitat fragmentation in the interface between deforested areas and forest, logging, and extreme drought cause more damage to the Amazon rainforest. Amazon degradation, where the forest becomes damaged and weakened, lowering its ability to store carbon and support nature, is affecting up to 38% of remaining rainforest. This 38% of the rainforest has already been damaged by human activity and drought."

In North America, several "atmospheric river" events dumped copious amounts of Pacific moisture across large parts of the western U.S. during January, with above-normal precipitation stretching from the U.S. West Coast to the Great Lakes. Cold fronts and low-pressure systems also spread above-normal precipitation from the Gulf of Mexico coast to the U.S. Northeast, as well as over Alaska. Outside of these storm tracks, much of Canada and Mexico, as well as the northwestern U.S., were drier than normal during January. The wet areas of the western U.S. were near to cooler than normal for the month, but the rest of the continent was much warmer than normal, with January 2023 ranking as the fifth warmest January, continent-wide, in the 114-year NCEI record. The ESI indicator showed above-normal evapotranspiration over much of Mexico, as well as the southeastern and northeastern U.S. and adjacent parts of Canada, although this is the heart of winter in the Northern Hemisphere when evapotranspiration is normally low. The heavy rain and snow of the last 3 months have improved moisture conditions over the western U.S., but long-term dryness is still indicated by the SPI and SPEI indicators for the last 2 to 6 years. These indicators show dryness across the U.S. Great Plains at the 6- to 36-month time scales, across Mexico (especially northern portions) at the 1- to 3-month and 1- to 5-year time scales, across much of Canada (especially southern and central portions) at the 1- to 6-month time scales, across western Canada at 9 to 24 months, and over the southern Canadian Prairies at 3 to 6 years. GRACE data revealed low groundwater and soil moisture levels over northern Mexico, from the southern Plains to Pacific Northwest in the U.S., and extending across western to central Canada. The North American Drought Monitor product depicted drought across much of western Canada, most of the central to western U.S., the southern Great Lakes, the U.S. coastal Southeast, and much of northern to central Mexico.

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Dust Might Have Snuffed Out the Dinosaurs

A simulation suggests that fine particles played a stronger role in cooling the planet and stalling photosynthesis after an asteroid impacted the Earth.

By Miriam Fauzia

On a spring day over 66 million years ago , an asteroid slammed into the sea just off the coast of modern-day Mexico. Known as the Chicxulub impact, it set off a global shock wave, earthquakes and megatsunamis that exterminated the nonavian dinosaurs and plunged Earth into a long and dark winter.

A study published Monday in the journal Nature Geoscience has uncovered a cause of this cold snap: dust. The study’s authors say that micrometer-size fine silicate dust lingered as long as 15 years in the atmosphere after the impact and contributed to the global cooling. Additionally, they say, all photosynthetic activity on Earth may have ceased completely within two weeks following the Chicxulub impact largely because of fine dust.

Stephen Brusatte , a paleontologist at the University of Edinburgh who was not involved in the research, said studies like this one aided understanding of the time period after the asteroid’s impact.

“They help us empathize with T. rex, Triceratops and the other dinosaurs that woke up in the morning on the top of the food chain but by the end of the day were facing a world in chaos,” he said.

During fieldwork in 2017, Pim Kaskes , a geologist at Vrije Universiteit Brussel in Belgium and an author of the new research, collected some fine-grained samples from a geological formation in North Dakota known as Tanis, which yielded a treasure trove of fossils . While Tanis is 2,000 miles from the Chicxulub impact, seismic waves created a deposit of minerals known as the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. It is about four feet thick and corresponds to the event.

He shared the samples with Cem Berk Senel , a paleoclimate modeling researcher at the Royal Observatory of Belgium who was then a graduate student at Université Libre de Bruxelles.

“One of the key questions we wondered was what was the primary governor of the Chicxulub mass extinction event because, in the literature, there have been diverse hypotheses addressing this phenomenon,” Dr. Senel said.

The role of dust has often been overlooked. Instead, scientists have focused on sulfur particles that rocks released after the asteroid vaporized them, as well as soot from the impact and subsequent wildfires.

“The effects of the dust were not well known,” Dr. Kaskes said. “Most of the work that has been done used very coarsegrained material that rains very rapidly out of the atmosphere or extremely fine particles that also rain down relatively quickly.”

The sulfur and soot, he said, were hypothesized to be better at absorbing and blocking sunlight compared with dust and thus the likely harbingers of the impact winter.

According to Dr. Senel’s computer simulations, which incorporated data from sulfur particles, soot and the measurements from Dr. Kaskes’s samples, fine dust was a climate heavy hitter. In the asteroid’s aftermath, a cloud of fine dust thinner than a strand of hair clung to the atmosphere. Unlike sulfur and soot, which disappeared over time, these particles stayed put for at least 15 years. This led global average surface temperatures to plummet by as much as 59 degrees Fahrenheit.

Global photosynthesis was interrupted within two weeks, Dr. Senel said. Because of fine dust, photosynthesis by land-dwelling plants was interrupted for 620 days after the impact. It took four years before the atmosphere cleared up, allowing plants to get enough sun to recover.

Jan Smit , a paleontologist at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam who was not involved in the study, said the findings about Earth’s cooling after the asteroid are “in the ballpark.”

But he said the idea that photosynthesis ceased for years, first proposed in the 1980s by Luis and Walter Alvarez , father-and-son scientists, was contentious. Neither their hypothesis, nor the new research, accounts for how marine plants survived, although it can explain how dormant seeds and flowering plants recovered.

Incorporating fine-dust measurements from more sites will be needed to make more global conclusions. Dr. Senel and Kaskes say the computer simulation does show a slight difference in climatic activity between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, but they acknowledge that more research needs to be done.

“That’s something we would like to figure out, to see if there are differences around the globe, maybe some regions that were less affected by the meteorite’s impact and why some groups survived and others didn’t,” Dr. Kaskes said. “I think this is just a starting point for some cool research and to find fossil evidence of this global response.”

Explore the Animal Kingdom

A selection of quirky, intriguing and surprising discoveries about animal life..

After decades of observations in a rainforest in Uganda, scientists have discovered that some chimpanzees go through menopause , too.

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Language was long understood as a human-only affair. But new research suggests that the animals are talking. What does it mean ?

Scientists have observed for the first time several creatures  dwelling beneath hellish underwater geysers on the seafloor off the western shores of Central and South America.

Monarch butterflies that survive a 2,000-mile-long migration tend to be spottier on their wings , suggesting that feature may aid the insects’ ability to fly.

A team of researchers found that a baby crocodile in a Costa Rican zoo was the product of a virgin birth  and  contained only genetic material from its mother.

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• Air Accidents Investigation Branch reports

Aircraft Accident Report AAR 2/2023 - Sikorsky S-92A, G-MCGY

Downwash from landing helicopter resulting in fatal injury to uninvolved person, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, Devon, 4 March 2022.

Introduction

The Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) were notified of this accident on 4 March 2022, the day that it occurred. In exercise of his powers, the Chief Inspector of Air Accidents ordered an investigation to be carried out in accordance with the provisions of retained Regulation (EU) 996/2010 (as amended) and the UK Civil Aviation (Investigation of Air Accidents and Incidents) Regulations 2018.

The sole objective of the investigation of an accident or serious incident under these regulations is the prevention of accidents and serious incidents. It shall not be the purpose of such an investigation to apportion blame or liability.

In accordance with established international arrangements, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) in the USA, representing the State of Design and Manufacture of the helicopter, appointed an Accredited Representative to the investigation. The helicopter operator, the hospital Helicopter Landing Site (HLS) Site Keeper, and the UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) also assisted with the investigation.

The helicopter, G-MCGY, was engaged on a Search and Rescue mission to extract a casualty near Tintagel, Cornwall and fly them to hospital for emergency treatment. The helicopter flew to Derriford Hospital (DH), Plymouth which has a Helicopter Landing Site (HLS) located in a secured area within one of its public car parks. During the approach and landing, several members of the public in the car park were subjected to high levels of downwash from the landing helicopter. One person suffered fatal injuries, and another was seriously injured.

The investigation identified the following causal factors:

The persons that suffered fatal and serious injuries were blown over by high levels of downwash from a landing helicopter when in publicly accessible locations near the DH HLS.

Whilst helicopters were landing or taking off, uninvolved persons were not prevented from being present in the area around the DH HLS that was subject to high levels of downwash.

The investigation identified the following contributory factors:

The HLS at DH was designed and built to comply with the guidance available at that time, but that guidance did not adequately address the issue of helicopter downwash.

The hazard of helicopter downwash in the car parks adjacent to the HLS was not identified, and the risk of possible injury to uninvolved persons was not properly assessed.

A number of helicopter downwash complaints and incidents at DH were recorded and investigated. Action was taken in each case to address the causes identified, but the investigations did not identify the need to manage the downwash hazard in Car Park B, so the actions taken were not effective in preventing future occurrences.

Prior to this accident, nobody at DH that the AAIB spoke to was aware of the existence of Civil Aviation Publication (CAP) 1264, which includes additional guidance on downwash and was published after the HLS at DH was constructed. The document was not retrospectively applicable to existing HLS.

The operator of G-MCGY was not fully aware of the DH HLS Response Team staff’s roles, responsibilities, and standard operating procedures.

The commander of G-MCGY believed that the car park surrounding the DH HLS would be secured by the hospital’s HLS Response Team staff, but the co‑pilot believed these staff were only responsible for securing the HLS.

The DH staff responsible for the management of the HLS only considered the risk of downwash causing harm to members of the public within the boundary of the HLS and all the mitigations focused on limiting access to this space.

The DH staff responsible for the management of the HLS had insufficient knowledge about helicopter operations to safely manage the downwash risk around the site.

The HLS safety management processes at DH did not result in effective interventions to address the downwash hazard to people immediately outside the HLS.

HLS safety management processes at DH did not identify that the mitigations for the downwash hazard were not working well enough to provide adequate control of the risk from downwash.

Communication between helicopter operators and DH was ineffective in ensuring that all the risks at the DH HLS were identified and appropriately managed.

Safety at hospital HLS throughout the UK requires effective information sharing and collaboration between HLS Site Keepers and helicopter operators but, at the time of the accident, there was no convenient mechanism for information sharing between them.

Following this accident, Safety Action was taken by the helicopter operator, Derriford Hospital and NHS England Estates to control and mitigate the risk. The specific action taken is detailed in paragraph 4.2.1 of this report. Additional action by Derriford Hospital and NHS England Estates to improve safety, as described in paragraph 4.2.2 of this report, is either planned or in progress.

Helicopters used for Search and Rescue and Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) perform a vital role in the UK and, although the operators of these are regulated by the UK Civil Aviation Authority, the many helicopter landing sites provided by hospitals are not. It is essential that the risks associated with helicopter operations into areas accessible by members of the public are fully understood by the HLS Site Keepers, and that effective communication between all the stakeholders involved is established and maintained. Therefore, nine Safety Recommendations have been made to address these issues, and these are listed in paragraph 4.1 of this report.

Download report:

AAR 2/2023: Sikorsky S-92A, G-MCGY

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Conflict in Middle East Could Bring ‘Dual Shock’ to Global Commodity Markets

Impact limited so far but energy-market turmoil could intensify food insecurity

WASHINGTON, October 30, 2023 —Although the global economy is in a much better position than it was in the 1970s to cope with a major oil-price shock, an escalation of the latest conflict in the Middle East—which comes on top of disruptions caused by the Russian invasion of Ukraine—could push global commodity markets into uncharted waters, according to the World Bank’s latest Commodity Markets Outlook .

The report provides a preliminary assessment of the potential near-term implications of the conflict for commodity markets. It finds that the effects should be limited if the conflict doesn’t widen. Under the Bank’s baseline forecast, oil prices are expected to average $90 a barrel in the current quarter before declining to an average of $81 a barrel next year as global economic growth slows. Overall commodity prices are projected to fall 4.1% next year. Prices of agricultural commodities are expected to decline next year as supplies rise. Prices of base metals are also projected to drop 5% in 2024. Commodity prices are expected to stabilize in 2025.

The conflict’s effects on global commodity markets have been limited so far. Overall oil prices have risen about 6 % since the start of the conflict. Prices of agricultural commodities, most metals, and other commodities have barely budged.

The outlook for commodity prices would darken quickly if the conflict were to escalate. The report outlines what might happen under three risk scenarios based on historical experience since the 1970s. The effects would depend on the degree of disruption to oil supplies. In a “small disruption” scenario, the global oil supply would be reduced by 500,000 to 2 million barrels per day—roughly equivalent to the reduction seen during the Libyan civil war in 2011. Under this scenario, the oil price would initially increase between 3% and 13% relative to the average for the current quarter—-to a range of $93 to $102 a barrel.

In a “medium disruption” scenario—roughly equivalent to the Iraq war in 2003—the global oil supply would be curtailed by 3 million to 5 million barrels per day. That would drive oil prices up by 21% to 35% initially—to between $109 and $121 a barrel. In a “large disruption” scenario—comparable to the Arab oil embargo in 1973— the global oil supply would shrink by 6 million to 8 million barrels per day. That would drive prices up by 56% to 75% initially—to between $140 and $157 a barrel.

“The latest conflict in the Middle East comes on the heels of the biggest shock to commodity markets since the 1970s—Russia’s war with Ukraine,” said Indermit Gill, the World Bank’s Chief Economist and Senior Vice President for Development Economics. “ That had disruptive effects on the global economy that persist to this day. Policymakers will need to be vigilant. If the conflict were to escalate, the global economy would face a dual energy shock for the first time in decades—not just from the war in Ukraine but also from the Middle East.”

“Higher oil prices, if sustained, inevitably mean higher food prices,” said Ayhan Kose, the World Bank’s Deputy Chief Economist and Director of the Prospects Group . “If a severe oil-price shock materializes, it would push up food price inflation that has already been elevated in many developing countries. At the end of 2022, more than 700 million people—nearly a tenth of the global population—were undernourished. An escalation of the latest conflict would intensify food insecurity, not only within the region but also across the world.”

The fact that the conflict has so far had only modest impacts on commodity prices may reflect the global economy’s improved ability to absorb oil price shocks. Since the energy crisis of the 1970s, the report says, countries across the world have bolstered their defenses against such shocks. They have reduced their dependence on oil—the amount of oil needed to generate $1 of GDP has fallen by more than half since 1970. They have a more diversified base of oil exporters and expanded energy resources, including renewable sources. Some countries have established strategic petroleum reserves, set up arrangements for the coordination of supply, and developed futures markets to mitigate the impact of oil shortages on prices. These improvements suggest that an escalation of the conflict might have more moderate effects than would have been the case in the past.

Policymakers nevertheless need to remain alert, the report says. Some commodities—gold in particular—are flashing a warning about the outlook. Gold prices have risen about 8% since the onset of the conflict. Gold prices have a unique relationship to geopolitical concerns: they rise in periods of conflict and uncertainty often signaling an erosion of investor confidence.

If the conflict escalates, policymakers in developing countries will need to take steps to manage a potential increase in headline inflation. Given the risk of greater food insecurity, governments should avoid trade restrictions such as export bans on food and fertilizer. Such measures often intensify price volatility and heighten food insecurity. They should also refrain from introducing price controls and price subsidies in response to higher food and oil prices. A better option is to improve social safety nets, diversify food sources, and increase efficiency in food production and trade. In the longer term, all countries can bolster their energy security by accelerating the transition to renewable energy sources —which will mitigate the effects of oil-price shocks.

Download the report: www.worldbank.org/commodities

Link to data and charts:   https://bit.ly/CMO_October_2023_DataSupplement

Also available in: Arabic , Chinese , French , Japanese , Portuguese , Russian , Spanish

Website:  worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets

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ClutchPoints

Midseason report: Ranking the rookie quarterbacks through Week 8 of the 2023 NFL season

Posted: October 31, 2023 | Last updated: October 31, 2023

The 2023 rookie quarterback class was hyped as one of the best in recent memory. Three quarterbacks went in the first round, and all three began the season as their team’s starting quarterback while also showing plenty of signs of promise. However, the rookie class was much deeper than just the guys taken in the first round, and we have now gotten to watch a number of rookie signal-callers make an impression early in their careers. Eleven quarterbacks were taken in the first 150 picks in the 2023 draft class, which was a common draft era record.

Even so, lots of rookies don’t work out, but early returns have led us to believe that the class is going to live up to the hype. So, with the NFL season nearing the midway point, and after ranking the rookies after their Week 1 debuts, we decided to rank the rookie quarterbacks based on what we’ve seen through the first eight weeks of the season. This ranking only takes into account the rookies that have started at least one game, so without further ado, let’s get into the list.

7. Dorian Thompson-Robinson, Cleveland Browns

Dorian Thompson-Robinson is a player who was drafted higher than many people expected, and he quickly proved why the Cleveland Browns took him with a fifth-round pick.

The rookie quarterback out of UCLA quickly earned the backup quarterback job in training camp, and while he has since been surpassed by P.J. Walker as the guy filling in for the injured Deshaun Watson, we did get to see Thompson-Robinson in action in Week 4. Filling in at the last second for an injured starter is not easy, but it was an ugly performance by the rookie.

The Browns only scored three points against the Baltimore Ravens, with Thompson-Robinson throwing for just 121 yards on the day, and three interceptions. The future is still bright for Thompson-Robinson, though, and with Watson continuing to struggle with injuries, there may yet be another chance for him to see the field this year, especially after P.J. Walker had a three turnover day in Cleveland’s Week 8 loss to the Seattle Seahawks.

6. Aiden O’Connell, Las Vegas Raiders

Aiden O’Connell has already seen game action, and that will likely be the case again in the future if Jimmy Garoppolo’s injury history is anything to go off of. In his lone start, O’Connell completed 24 of his 39 passes for 238 yards.

The problem for O’Connell is that he has fallen down the depth chart, as Brian Hoyer has been Garoppolo’s backup in recent weeks. The rookie will likely have a chance to fight for playing time eventually, though. O’Connell was a fourth-round pick in last year’s draft, so the Raiders clearly have confidence in his ability to become a contributor.

5. Tyson Bagent, Chicago Bears

Tyson Bagent’s story has been heartwarming. He was a Division II football player who went undrafted and fought his way up the depth chart with the Chicago Bears. With Justin Fields hurt, he has gotten a chance as the team’s starter, and because of the tough position he was put in, the on-field results have been better than anyone could have imagined.

Bagent only threw for 162 yards in his first start, but he was calm, cool, and collected under center. The rookie quarterback took what the defense gave him and led a struggling Bears team to only their second win of the season in his first career game. In Week 8, Bagent wasn’t able to secure a victory, but his numbers did slightly improve. Although he threw two interceptions, he racked up 232 yards in the air against the Los Angeles Chargers, and the Bears trusted him enough to attempt 37 passes.

The rookie quarterback’s numbers haven’t popped off the page, and he will head back to the bench when Fields returns. Still, Bagent has looked like a seasoned veteran and has proven he belongs in the league.

4. Will Levis , Tennessee Titans

Will Levis has only played in one NFL game, but he was electric in his first career start, and he will get the starting nod again in Week 9 with Ryan Tannehill still on the sidelines with an ankle injury. If he carries over his hot start from Week 8 into his Week 9 action, it will be tough to take Levis out of the starting lineup whenever Tannehill returns from injury.

Levis was historically good in his debut. He became the first player to ever throw for over 225 yards with four touchdowns and no interceptions with a completion percentage over 65 percent in his first game. He was also only the third player to ever throw four touchdown passes in a debut.

Tannehill has only thrown two touchdowns all season, so it makes sense for the Titans to hand Levis the keys going forward. Regardless of if he is the starter going forward this season, he is the future of the franchise, and the Titans have big expectations for him. Levis will have another chance to shine on the national stage in Week 9 during Thursday Night Football when Tennessee battles the Pittsburgh Steelers.

3.  Anthony Richardson , Indianapolis Colts

Anthony Richardson looked much better than Bryce Young in the games that he played in, but a shoulder injury ended his season early and will prevent him from ranking higher than Young on this list. Richardson missed time because of a concussion as well earlier in the year, but when he was healthy he was really solid for the Indianapolis Colts.

In just four games, Richardson already showed that he is one of the best running quarterbacks in the NFL. His size, speed, and strength combination led him to score at least one touchdown on the ground in each of his first three games before he was prematurely knocked out of his fourth start. His four rushing touchdowns are still the fourth most for quarterbacks this season, even though his peers have played seven or eight games.

Richardson also impressed as a passer. He has a rocket of an arm and threw for 577 yards and three touchdowns in a little over three games of action. Going forward, Richardson will need to find a way to protect himself, although that is easier said than done given his rushing abilities. The Colts need their quarterback of the future on the field, though, so changes will need to be made.

2. Bryce Young, Carolina Panthers

While Bryce Young has been inferior for most of the season to the quarterback selected directly after him in the 2o23 NFL Draft (C.J. Stroud), Young did get the last laugh in the first battle of their respective careers. Young, the number one overall pick in the draft, led the Carolina Panthers to their first victory of the season over Stroud and the Texans, giving Panthers fans something to cheer about in what has been a clear rebuilding campaign.

Overall, Young has had an underwhelming start to his career. Draft analyst’s major concern in the draft process was his size, and that has been an issue early.

Still, there has been plenty of potential put on display by the still-developing youngster. His 1,202 yards and seven passing touchdowns aren’t great, but they are better than a number of established veteran starters. Even so, Young has been one of the worst starting quarterbacks in the NFL so far. That is to be expected from a rookie, and things should only go up from here, but the only reason Young ranks second on this list is because he has seen the field more than all of his rookie quarterback peers besides Stroud. Repetitions are important, though, and the Panthers will continue giving Young a chance to develop on the field.

1. C.J. Stroud, Houston Texans

C.J. Stroud has already exceeded all expectations. Not only has he been one of the best rookies in the NFL, regardless of position, but he has been one of the best quarterbacks overall. The Texans’ quarterback is 13th in passing yards (1,800) and has nine passing touchdowns.

The number two overall pick is accurate at all three levels of the field and has made some big plays, but more importantly, he hasn’t had problems with turnovers. Stroud only has one interception, and it’s rare to see a young quarterback manage to protect the ball like Stroud has done early on in his career.

Stroud has cooled off a little bit in the last few weeks, but he set the football world on fire in his first month of NFL action. The Ohio State product was only the sixth quarterback to ever throw for over 1,200 yards with no interceptions in their first four games . It’s only eight weeks into his rookie campaign, but Stroud looks like a star in the making for Houston under center.

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The post Midseason report: Ranking the rookie quarterbacks through Week 8 of the 2023 NFL season appeared first on ClutchPoints .

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Executive summary

• Overview and key findings
• Context and scenario design
• Pathways for the energy mix
• Secure and people-centred energy transitions
• Regional insights

Cite report

IEA (2023), World Energy Outlook 2023 , IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2023, License: CC BY 4.0 (report); CC BY NC SA 4.0 (Annex A)

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Some of the immediate pressures from the global energy crisis have eased, but energy markets, geopolitics, and the global economy are unsettled and the risk of further disruption is ever present. Fossil fuel prices are down from their 2022 peaks, but markets are tense and volatile. Continued fighting in Ukraine, more than a year after Russia’s invasion, is now accompanied by the risk of protracted conflict in the Middle East. The macro-economic mood is downbeat, with stubborn inflation, higher borrowing costs and elevated debt levels. Today, the global average surface temperature is already around 1.2 °C above pre‑industrial levels, prompting heatwaves and other extreme weather events, and greenhouse gas emissions have not yet peaked. The energy sector is also the primary cause of the polluted air that more than 90% of the world’s population is forced to breathe, linked to more than 6 million premature deaths a year. Positive trends on improving access to electricity and clean cooking have slowed or even reversed in some countries.

Against this complex backdrop, the emergence of a new clean energy economy, led by solar PV and electric vehicles (EVs), provides hope for the way forward. Investment in clean energy has risen by 40% since 2020. The push to bring down emissions is a key reason, but not the only one. The economic case for mature clean energy technologies is strong. Energy security is also an important factor, particularly in fuel-importing countries, as are industrial strategies and the desire to create clean energy jobs. Not all clean technologies are thriving and some supply chains, notably for wind, are under pressure, but there are striking examples of an accelerating pace of change. In 2020, one in 25 cars sold was electric; in 2023, this is now one in 5. More than 500 gigawatts (GW) of renewables generation capacity are set to be added in 2023 – a new record. More than USD 1 billion a day is being spent on solar deployment. Manufacturing capacity for key components of a clean energy system, including solar PV modules and EV batteries, is expanding fast. This momentum is why the IEA recently concluded, in its updated Net Zero Roadmap , that a pathway to limiting global warming to 1.5 °C is very difficult – but remains open.

Solar PV capacity additions in the Stated Policies Scenario, 2015-2030

Electric car sales in the stated policies scenario, 2015-2030, economic growth in china, 2015-2030.

This new Outlook provides a strong evidence base to guide the choices that face energy decision makers in pursuit of transitions that are rapid, secure, affordable and inclusive. The analysis does not present a single view of the future but instead explores different scenarios that reflect current real-world conditions and starting points. The Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) provides an outlook based on the latest policy settings, including energy, climate and related industrial policies. The Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) assumes all national energy and climate targets made by governments are met in full and on time. Yet, much additional progress is still required to meet the objectives of the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE) Scenario which limits global warming to 1.5 °C. Alongside our main scenarios, we explore some key uncertainties that could affect future trends, including structural changes in China’s economy and the pace of global deployment of solar PV.

A legacy of the global energy crisis may be to usher in the beginning of the end of the fossil fuel era: the momentum behind clean energy transitions is now sufficient for global demand for coal, oil and natural gas to all reach a high point before 2030 in the STEPS . The share of coal, oil and natural gas in global energy supply – stuck for decades around 80% – starts to edge downwards and reaches 73% in the STEPS by 2030. This is an important shift. However, if demand for these fossil fuels remains at a high level, as has been the case for coal in recent years, and as is the case in the STEPS projections for oil and gas, it is far from enough to reach global climate goals.

Oil demand by region in the Stated Policies Scenario, 2000-2050

Coal demand by region in the stated policies scenario, 2000-2050, natural gas demand by region in the stated policies scenario, 2000-2050.

Policies supporting clean energy are delivering as the projected pace of change picks up in key markets around the world. Thanks largely to the Inflation Reduction Act in the United States, we now project that 50% of new US car registrations will be electric in 2030 in the STEPS. Two years ago, the corresponding figure in the WEO-2021 was 12%. In the European Union in 2030, heat pump installations in the STEPS reach two-thirds of the level needed in the NZE Scenario, compared with the one-third projected two years ago. In China, projected additions of solar PV and offshore wind to 2030 are now three-times higher than they were in the WEO-2021 . Prospects for nuclear power have also improved in leading markets, with support for lifetime extensions of existing nuclear reactors in countries including Japan, Korea and the United States, as well as for new builds in several more.

Although demand for fossil fuels has been strong in recent years, there are signs of a change in direction . Alongside the deployment of low-emissions alternatives, the rate at which new assets that use fossil fuels are being added to the energy system has slowed. Sales of cars and two/three-wheel vehicles with internal combustion engines are well below where they were before the Covid-19 pandemic. In the electricity sector, worldwide additions of coal- and natural gas-fired power plants have halved, at least, from earlier peaks. Sales of residential gas boilers have been trending downwards and are now outnumbered by sales of heat pumps in many countries in Europe and in the United States. 

China has an outsized role in shaping global energy trends; this influence is evolving as its economy slows and its structure adjusts, and as clean energy use grows . Over the past ten years, China accounted for almost two-thirds of the rise in global oil use, nearly one-third of the increase in natural gas, and has been the dominant player in coal markets. But it is widely recognised, including by the country’s leadership, that China’s economy is reaching an inflection point. After a very rapid building out of the country’s physical infrastructure, the scope for further additions is narrowing. The country already has a world-class high-speed rail network; and residential floorspace per capita is now equal to that of Japan, even though GDP per capita is much lower. This saturation points to lower future demand in many energy-intensive sectors like cement and steel. China is also a clean energy powerhouse, accounting for around half of wind and solar additions and well over half of global EV sales in 2022.

Momentum behind China’s economic growth is ebbing and there is greater downside potential for fossil fuel demand if it slows further . In our scenarios, China’s GDP growth averages just under 4% per year to 2030. This results in its total energy demand peaking around the middle of this decade, with robust expansion of clean energy putting overall fossil fuel demand and emissions into decline. If China’s near-term growth were to slow by another percentage point, this would reduce 2030 coal demand by an amount almost equal to the volume currently consumed by the whole of Europe. Oil import volumes would decline by 5% and LNG imports by more than 20%, with major implications for global balances.

The end of the growth era for fossil fuels does not mean an end to fossil fuel investment, but it undercuts the rationale for any increase in spending. Until this year, meeting projected demand in the STEPS implied an increase in oil and gas investment over the course of this decade, but a stronger clean energy outlook and lower projected fossil fuel demand means this is no longer the case. However, investment in oil and gas today is almost double the level required in the NZE Scenario in 2030, signalling a clear risk of protracted fossil fuel use that would put the 1.5 °C goal out of reach.

Annual investment in fossil fuels and clean energy, 2015-2023

Annual investment in clean energy by scenario, 2030, annual investment in fossil fuels by scenario, 2030.

Simply cutting spending on oil and gas will not get the world on track for the NZE Scenario; the key to an orderly transition is to scale up investment in all aspects of a clean energy system . The development of a clean energy system and its effect on emissions can be reinforced by policies that ease the exit of inefficient, polluting assets, such as ageing coal plants, or that restrict the entry of new ones into the system. But the urgent challenge is to increase the pace of new clean energy projects, especially in many emerging and developing economies outside China, where investment in energy transitions needs to rise by more than five times by 2030 to reach the levels required in the NZE Scenario. A renewed effort, including stronger international support, will be vital to tackle obstacles such as high costs of capital, limited fiscal space for government support and challenging business environments. 

The global peaks in demand for each of the three fossil fuels mask important differences across economies at different stages of development . The drivers for growth in demand for energy services in most emerging and developing economies remain very strong. Rates of urbanisation, built space per capita, and ownership of air conditioners and vehicles are far lower than in advanced economies. The global population is expected to grow by about 1.7 billion by 2050, almost all of which is added to urban areas in Asia and Africa. India is the world’s largest source of energy demand growth in the STEPS, ahead of Southeast Asia and Africa. Finding and financing low-emissions ways to meet rising energy demand in these economies is a vital determinant of the speed at which global fossil fuel use eventually falls.

Clean electrification, improvements in efficiency and a switch to lower- and zero-carbon fuels are key levers available to emerging and developing economies to reach their national energy and climate targets. Getting on track to meet these targets, including net zero goals, has broad implications for future pathways. In India, it means every dollar of value added by India’s industry results in 30% less carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) by 2030 than it does today, and each kilometre driven by a passenger car, on average, emits 25% less CO 2 . Some 60% of two- and three-wheelers sold in 2030 are electric, a share ten times higher than today. In Indonesia, the share of renewables in power generation doubles by 2030 to more than 35%. In Brazil, biofuels meet 40% of road transport fuel demand by the end of the decade, up from 25% today. In sub-Saharan Africa, meeting diverse national energy and climate targets means that 85% of new power generation plants to 2030 are based on renewables. Significant progress is made towards universal access to modern energy, with some 670 million people gaining access to modern cooking fuels, and 500 million to electricity by 2030.

Renewables are set to contribute 80% of new power capacity to 2030 in the STEPS, with solar PV alone accounting for more than half. However, this uses only a fraction of the world’s potential. Solar has become a major global industry and is set to transform electricity markets even in the STEPS. But there is significant scope for further growth given manufacturing plans and the technology’s competitiveness. By the end of the decade, the world could have manufacturing capacity for more than 1 200 GW of panels per year. But in the STEPS, only 500 GW is deployed globally in 2030. Boosting deployment up from these levels raises some complex questions. It would require measures – notably expanding and strengthening grids and adding storage – to integrate the additional solar PV into electricity systems and maximise its impact. Manufacturing capacity is also highly concentrated: China is already the largest producer and its expansion plans far outstrip those in other countries. Trade, therefore, would continue to be vital to support worldwide deployment of solar.

Solar PV manufacturing capacity and additions in the Stated Policies Scenario, 2015-2030

Global coal use in the power sector, 2022 and 2030, global natural gas use in the power sector, 2022 and 2030.

Using 70% of anticipated solar PV manufacturing capacity would bring deployment to the levels projected in the NZE Scenario; effectively integrated, this would further cut fossil fuel use – first and foremost coal . In a sensitivity case, we explore how the STEPS projections would change if the world added over 800 GW of new solar PV per year by 2030. The implications would be particularly strong for China, reducing coal-fired generation by a further 20% by 2030 compared with the STEPS. Without assuming any additional retirements, the average annual capacity factor for coal-fired power plants would fall to around 30% in 2030, from over 50% today. The consequences would spread well beyond China: in this case, more than 70 GW of additional solar PV is deployed on average each year to 2030 across Latin America, Africa, Southeast Asia and the Middle East. Even with modest curtailment, this reduces fossil fuel-fired generation in these regions by about one-quarter in 2030 compared with the STEPS. Solar PV alone cannot get the world on track to meet its climate goals, but – more than any other clean technology – it can light up the way.

Starting in 2025, an unprecedented surge in new LNG projects is set to tip the balance of markets and concerns about natural gas supply. In recent years, gas markets have been dominated by fears about security and price spikes after Russia cut supplies to Europe. Market balances remain precarious in the immediate future but that changes from the middle of the decade. Projects that have started construction or taken final investment decision are set to add 250 billion cubic metres per year of liquefaction capacity by 2030, equal to almost half of today’s global LNG supply. Announced timelines suggest a particularly large increase between 2025 and 2027. More than half of the new projects are in the United States and Qatar.

This additional LNG arrives at an uncertain moment for natural gas demand and creates major difficulties for Russia’s diversification strategy towards Asia . The strong increase in LNG production capacity eases prices and gas supply concerns, but comes to market at a time when global gas demand growth has slowed considerably since its “golden age” of the 2010s. Alongside gas contracted on a longer-term basis to end-users, we estimate that more than one-third of the new gas will be looking to find buyers on the short-term market. However, mature markets – notably in Europe – are moving into stronger structural decline and emerging markets may lack the infrastructure to absorb much larger volumes if gas demand in China slows. The glut of LNG means there are very limited opportunities for Russia to secure additional markets. Russia’s share of internationally traded gas, which stood at 30% in 2021, is halved by 2030 in the STEPS.

A tense situation in the Middle East is a reminder of hazards in oil markets a year after Russia cut gas supplies to Europe . Vigilance on oil and gas security remains essential throughout clean energy transitions, and our projections highlight how the balance of trade and potential vulnerabilities shift over time. In the STEPS, the share of seaborne crude oil trade from the Middle East to Asia rises from some 40% of the total today to 50% by 2050. Asia is also the final destination for almost all of additional Middle East LNG supply.

The global energy crisis was not a clean energy crisis, but it has focused attention on the importance of ensuring rapid, people-centred and orderly transitions. Three interlinked issues stand out: risks to affordability, electricity security and the resilience of clean energy supply chains. Sheltering consumers from volatile fuel prices in 2022 cost governments USD 900 billion in emergency support. The way to limit such expenditures in the future is to deploy cost-effective, clean technologies at scale, especially in poorer households, communities and countries that struggle to finance the upfront investments required. As the world moves towards a more electrified, renewables-based system, security of electricity supply is also paramount. Higher investment in robust and digitalised grids needs to be accompanied by a role for batteries and demand response measures for short-term flexibility and lower-emissions technologies for seasonal variations, including hydropower, nuclear, fossil fuels with carbon capture, utilisation and storage, bioenergy, hydrogen and ammonia.

Diversification and innovation are the best strategies to manage supply chain dependencies for clean energy technologies and critical minerals. A range of strategies are in place to strengthen the resilience of clean energy supply chains and reduce today’s high levels of concentration, but these will take time to bear fruit. Exploration and production investments are rising around the world for critical minerals like lithium, cobalt, nickel and rare earths, but the share of the top three producers in 2022 is either unchanged or has increased from 2019 levels. Our tracking of announced projects suggests concentration levels in 2030 are set to remain high, especially for refining and processing operations. Many midstream projects are being developed in today’s major producing regions, with China holding half of planned lithium chemical plants and Indonesia representing nearly 90% of planned nickel refining facilities. Alongside investments in diversified supply, policies encouraging innovation, mineral substitution and recycling can moderate trends on the demand side and ease market pressures. They are vital components of critical minerals security.

Market size and concentration of selected energy-related refined commodities

Proven policies and technologies are available to align energy security and sustainability goals, speed up the pace of change this decade and keep the door to 1.5 °C open . The STEPS sees a peak in energy-related CO 2 emissions in the mid-2020s but emissions remain high enough to push up global average temperatures to around 2.4 °C in 2100. This outcome has improved over successive editions of the Outlook but still points towards very widespread and severe impacts from climate change. The key actions required to bend the emissions curve downwards to 2030 are widely known and in most cases very cost effective. Tripling renewable energy capacity, doubling the pace of energy efficiency improvements to 4% per year, ramping up electrification and slashing methane emissions from fossil fuel operations together provide more than 80% of the emissions reductions needed by 2030 to put the energy sector on a pathway to limit warming to 1.5 °C. In addition, innovative, large-scale financing mechanisms are required to support clean energy investments in emerging and developing economies, as are measures to ensure an orderly decline in the use of fossil fuels, including an end to new approvals of unabated coal-fired power plants. Every country needs to find its own pathway, and it needs to be inclusive and equitable to secure public acceptance, but this package of global measures provides crucial ingredients for any successful outcome from the COP28 climate change conference in Dubai in December.

Global primary energy intensity improvements in the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario, 2022 and 2030

Global renewables power capacity in the net zero emissions by 2050 scenario, 2022 and 2030, global methane emissions from fossil fuel operations in the net zero emissions by 2050 scenario, 2022 and 2030, global fossil fuel demand in the net zero emissions by 2050 scenario, 2022 and 2030, clean energy investment in emerging market and developing economies in the net zero scenario emissions by 2050, 2022 and 2030.

No country is an energy island, and no country is insulated from the risks of climate change. The necessity of collaboration has never been higher . Especially in today’s tense times, governments need to find ways to safeguard co-operation on energy and climate, including by embracing a rules-based system of international trade and spurring innovation and technology transfer. Without this, the chance to limit the rise in global temperatures to 1.5 °C will disappear. The outlook for energy security will also look perilous if we lose the benefits of interconnected and well-functioning energy markets to ride out unexpected shocks.

Fifty years on from the first oil shock, the world has lasting solutions to address energy insecurity that can also help tackle the climate crisis . The first oil shock 50 years ago brought two crucial policy responses firmly into play: energy efficiency and low-emissions power, led at the time by hydropower and nuclear. Today’s energy decision makers are once again facing geopolitical tensions and the risk of energy shocks, but they have a much broader range of highly competitive clean technologies at their disposal, and an accumulated wealth of policy experience on how to accelerate their deployment. The crucial step is to put these readily available solutions to work.

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Chinese tech giant Alibaba launches upgraded AI model to challenge Microsoft, Amazon

• Alibaba on Tuesday launched the latest version of its artificial intelligence model, as the Chinese technology giant looks to compete with U.S. rivals like Amazon and Microsoft.
• China's biggest cloud computing and e-commerce player announced Tongyi Qianwen 2.0, its latest large language model.
• Alibaba also introduced the GenAI Service Platform, which lets companies build their own generative AI applications using their own data.

In this article

Alibaba on Tuesday launched the latest version of its artificial intelligence model, as the Chinese technology giant looks to compete with U.S. tech rivals such as Amazon and Microsoft .

China's biggest cloud computing and e-commerce player announced Tongyi Qianwen 2.0, its latest large language model (LLM). A LLM is trained on vast amounts of data and forms the basis for generative AI applications such as ChatGPT, which is developed by U.S. firm OpenAI.

Alibaba called Tongyi Qianwen 2.0 a "substantial upgrade from its predecessor," which was introduced in April .

Tongyi Qianwen 2.0 "demonstrates remarkable capabilities in understanding complex instructions, copywriting, reasoning, memorizing, and preventing hallucinations," Alibaba said in a press release. Hallucinations refer to AI that presents incorrect information.

Alibaba also released AI models designed for applications in specific industries and uses — such as legal counselling and finance — as it angles in on businesses.

The Hangzhou-headquartered company also announced the GenAI Service Platform, which lets companies build their own generative AI applications, using their own data. One of the fears that businesses have about public generative AI products like ChatGPT is that data could be accessed by third parties.

Alibaba and other major cloud players are offering tools for companies to build their own generative AI products using their own data, which would protected by these providers as part of the service package.

Microsoft's Azure OpenAI Studio and Amazon Web Service's Bedrock are two rival services.

While Alibaba is the biggest cloud player by market share in China, the company is trying to catch up with the likes of Amazon and Microsoft overseas.

UN warns humanity facing threats from space, climate change, but it's not too late to act

Numerous global systems humans rely on for survival — including ecosystems, groundwater, insurance and the space industry — are on the precipice of catastrophic tipping points, according to a new report by the United Nations University.  

The report says the world is "perilously close" to triggering these tipping points that could have "irreversible, catastrophic impacts for people and the planet".

But there is some positive news.

The authors of the Interconnected Disaster Risk report say that by knowing these thresholds are looming, we have an opportunity to avert their worst effects.

To do that we must exploit "positive tipping points" — changes that have cascading and self-perpetuating positive impacts on society, and could bring about the shifts needed to ensure our survival, the authors say.

"Our message with this report is that we are heading towards these tipping points, but the causes that we highlight have to do with our behaviours and our values," lead author Dr Jack O'Connor says.

"So we have the ability. We have the choice to make."

The report warns whole societies will have to make "unprecedented" changes to avert disaster, but says the actions of individual people do play a significant role in influencing positive tipping points.

"We must recognise our role within interconnected systems and understand that our actions and choices matter, for better or for worse," it says.

Walking the 'cliff edge'

"Some tipping points trigger abrupt changes in our life-sustaining systems that can shake the foundations of our societies," says the report, authored by five researchers from the UN University in Bonn, Germany.

The report highlights six such points, all of which Dr O'Connor says are highly relevant to Australia.

The six tipping points are:

• A chain reaction of ecosystem collapse: Key extinctions of species that many other species rely on will trigger a cascade of extinctions leading to the collapse of ecosystems that humans rely on for food, water and livelihoods.
• Groundwater depletion: A majority of the world's major freshwater aquifers are being depleted at rates faster than they are being replenished. Two billion people rely on them for drinking and agriculture. When wells run dry, important global food bowls could be destroyed — something that has already happened in Saudi Arabia and is predicted to start happening in the US this century and India this decade.

• Mountain glaciers melting: Climate change is causing glaciers on top of mountains to retreat, lowering the fresh water supply for 870 million people that rely on them, and impacting 1.9 billion people.
• Space junk destroying the space industry: By the end of the decade, the number of satellites orbiting the Earth could increase more than tenfold. As that happens, a collision between just two satellites could create thousands of pieces of debris, which would trigger many more cascading collisions, resulting in all existing satellites being destroyed and making future space activities impossible.
• Unlivable heat: When climate change drives temperature and humidity in a location above a certain point, the human body is unable to survive unscathed for more than six hours. That threshold has been crossed in Pakistan and the Persian Gulf several times, mostly since 2003. As it happens more, people will die and health systems will be impacted.
• Uninsurable future: Increasingly severe natural disasters are driving up the cost of insurance, making it more unaffordable or sometimes unavailable. Once that tipping point is passed, people are left without a safety net and further disasters lead to cascading socio-economic impacts.

All of these tipping points are connected, the report explains.

For example, heat can kill plants and animals, which can have a cascading effect on ecosystems, as well as make heat impacts worse by removing shade from trees.

And satellites are now vital for weather forecasting. Without a space industry helping to forecast weather, adapting to extreme weather including extreme heat will be much harder.

"If we lose that ability, yes, we could see many more lives lost," Dr O'Connor says.

"What we see is that these tipping points, once they pass, can now influence others to pass in ways that we may not expect."

'Potential for full chaos'

Adaptation scientist Johanna Nalau, from Griffith University, says some of these tipping points are already being experienced in Australia.

"Thinking about heat … this year has already been insane. So I think we see the potential for full chaos," says Dr Nalau, who was a lead author on the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report.

The   new report says measures, such as investing in air-conditioning, can delay those tipping points, but not avoid them entirely.

And even those delaying measures are being implemented poorly, Dr Nalau says.

She says public information about how to manage heatwaves is essential — but that isn't being made available everywhere in Australia.

The report specifically highlights Australia as a case study of a possible uninsurable future. It's estimated that more than half a million homes will be uninsurable by 2030 — either because the insurance will be too expensive, or insurers will simply not be offering insurance.

Dr O'Connor, an Australian based in Germany, says the risk of ecosystem collapse is also particularly dire in Australia, as it has one of the worst records in the world for animal extinctions .

'Unprecedented' changes needed to avert disaster

Doing more than merely delaying the impacts of these tipping points — and actually avoiding their catastrophic effects — will require "unprecedented" changes to society, the UN report warns.

The solution, it says, is to exploit "positive tipping points", which can transform society for the better.

Click to explore positive tipping points within grasp

"Similar to other tipping points, positive tipping points have the potential to cascade through our interconnected … systems," it says.

For example, if plant-based proteins became as good and as cheap as meat, that could trigger widespread use, which would then have cascading effects by reducing livestock farming, reducing greenhouse gases and improving land conservation.

But triggering these positive tipping points for issues such as groundwater or space debris, might be more challenging, Dr O'Connor says.

"A lot of these tipping points relate to things that are out of sight and out of mind, and we need to find a way to make them important to people."

Related Stories

Gagged and grief-stricken, yet defiant: ecologists and climate scientists reveal devastating culture of suppression.

Antarctic sea ice extent reaches record lows in latest State of the Climate report

'I wish I'd made my house resilient for far less money': How to build a house that can survive extreme weather

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Financial Institution Letter

Estimated Uninsured Deposits Reporting Expectations

The FDIC observed that some insured depository institutions (IDIs) are not reporting estimated uninsured deposits in accordance with the instructions to the Consolidated Reports of Condition and Income (Call Report). For example, some institutions incorrectly reduced the amount reported to the extent that the uninsured deposits are collateralized by pledged assets; this is incorrect because in and of itself, the existence of collateral has no bearing on the portion of a deposit that is covered by federal deposit insurance. Additionally, some institutions incorrectly reduced the amount reported on Schedule RC-O by excluding intercompany deposit balances of subsidiaries.

Statement of Applicability: This Financial Institution Letter does not impact institutions with less than $1 billion in total assets that do not report estimated uninsured deposits.

Key Details:

In reporting uninsured deposits, if an IDI has deposit accounts with balances in excess of the federal deposit insurance limit that it has collateralized by pledging assets, such as deposits of the U.S. Government and of states and political subdivisions in the U.S., the IDI should make a reasonable estimate of the portion of these deposits that is uninsured using the data available from its information systems.

The General Instructions for the Call Reports state that all deposits of subsidiaries (except an insured depository institution subsidiary that is accounted for under the equity method of accounting instead of consolidating) that are consolidated and, therefore, eliminated from reported deposits on the balance sheet, must be reported in Schedule RC-O, items 1 through 3, Memorandum item 1, and, if applicable, Memorandum item 2, estimated amount of uninsured deposits. 1

Each IDI is responsible for the accuracy of the data in its Call Report and for filing amendments as necessary to ensure Call Report accuracy. The chief financial officer (or the individual performing an equivalent function) and multiple directors of each IDI are required to attest to the correctness of the Call Report. If your institution incorrectly reduced the amount of reported uninsured deposits, for example, to reflect collateralization of deposits by pledged assets or by excluding intercompany deposit balances of subsidiaries, those reports are inaccurate. Consistent with the requirement to file accurate Call Reports, IDIs that have incorrectly reported uninsured deposits should amend their Call Reports by making the appropriate changes to the data, and submitting the revised data file to the Central Data Repository (CDR) using the same processes as the original filing. Institutions can submit up to three years of revisions, or more, if appropriate.

Please reference the complete set of Call Report instructions for more information on reporting estimated uninsured deposits. In particular, for more information on reporting deposit information, reference the following sections of the instructions:

• General Instructions: Rules of Consolidation, Deposit Insurance Assessments 2
• Schedule RC-O – Other Data for Deposit Insurance Assessments:
• General Instructions 3
• Instructions for item 1, “Total deposit liabilities before exclusions (gross) as defined in Section 3(l) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and FDIC regulations” 4
• Instructions for Memorandum item 2, “Estimated amount of uninsured deposits in domestic offices of the bank and in insured branches in Puerto Rico and U.S. territories and possessions, including related interest accrued and unpaid“ 5 , 6

The Call Report forms and instructions can be accessed from the FDIC Call Reports webpage . These forms and instructions are also available for printing and downloading from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council’s (FFIEC’s) Reporting Forms webpage for each version of the Call Report.

Related Topic:

Call Reports and Deposit Insurance Assessments

1 Memorandum item 2 is to be completed by banks with $1 billion or more in total assets.

2 For the FFIEC 031 and 041, excerpts of particular relevance begin on page 10a of the General Instructions, available at: https://www.fdic.gov/resources/bankers/call-reports/crinst-031-041/2022/2022-12-generalinstructions.pdf . For the FFIEC 051, excerpts of particular relevance begin on page 11 of the General Instructions, available at: https://www.fdic.gov/resources/bankers/call-reports/crinst-051/2022/2022-12-051-generalinst.pdf h. Rules of Consolidation applicable to Schedule RC-O (under “Deposit insurance assessments”) are on page 13 of the General Instructions for the FFIEC 031, 041, and 051.

3 For the FFIEC 031 and 041, the General Instructions for Schedule RC-O are on page RC-O-1, available at: https://www.fdic.gov/resources/bankers/call-reports/crinst-031-041/2021/2021-12-rc-o.pdf . For the FFIEC 051, the General Instructions for Schedule RC-O are on page RC-O-1, available at: https://www.fdic.gov/resources/bankers/call-reports/crinst-051/2020/2020-09-051-rc-o.pdf .

4 For the FFIEC 031, 041, and 051, the instructions for Schedule RC-O Item 1 begin on page RC-O-1, available at the links provided in footnote 3.

5 For the FFIEC 031, 041, and 051, the instructions for Schedule RC-O Memorandum Item 2 begin on page RC-O-15, available at the links provided in footnote 3.

6 For additional instructions on reporting preferred deposits (uninsured deposits of states and political subdivisions in the U.S. which are secured or collateralized as required under state law), see the instructions for Schedule RC-E, Part I, Memorandum Item 1.e. For the FFIEC 031 and 041, the instructions for Schedule RC-E, Part I, Memorandum Item 1.e. are on page RC-E-10a, available at: https://www.fdic.gov/resources/bankers/call-reports/crinst-031-041/2021/2021-12-rc-e.pdf . For the FFIEC 051, the instructions for Schedule RC-E, Part I, Memorandum Item 1.e. are on page RC-E-12b, https://www.fdic.gov/resources/bankers/call-reports/crinst-051/2021/2021-09-051-rc-e.pdf .